Preanalysis/references.bib

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@unpublished{Ban2010,
	author = {Ban Ki-moon},
	date-added = {2022-01-05 13:12:10 -0600},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:30:11 -0600},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	note = {Ban Ki-moon, remark at the Review Conference of the International Criminal Court (27 May 2010)}}

@article{SnyderVinjamuri2003,
	author = {Jack Snyder and Leslie Vinjamuri},
	date-added = {2022-01-05 12:18:10 -0600},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:30:18 -0600},
	journal = {International Security},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	number = {3},
	pages = {5-44},
	title = {Trials and Errors: Principle and Pragmatism in Strategies of International Justice},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2003}}

@book{Olsen.et.al.2010,
	author = {Trica D Olsen; Leigh A. Payne; Andrew G. Reiter},
	date-added = {2022-01-05 12:12:40 -0600},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:32:23 -0600},
	keywords = {method},
	month = {June},
	publisher = {nited States Institute of Peace},
	title = {Transitional Justice in Balance - Comparing Processes, Weighting Efficacy},
	year = {2010}}

@article{KimSikkink2010,
	author = {Kim, Hunjoon and Kathryn Sikkink},
	date-added = {2022-01-05 12:05:37 -0600},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:32:19 -0600},
	journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	number = {4},
	pages = {939--63},
	read = {0},
	title = {Explaining the Deterrence Effect of Human Rights Prosecutions for Transitional Countries},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2010}}

@article{Rosenbaum2017,
	author = {Paul R. Rosenbaum},
	date-added = {2021-05-21 14:22:53 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:32:59 -0600},
	journal = {Harvard University Press},
	keywords = {method},
	title = {Observation and Experiment: An Introduction to Causal Inference},
	year = {2017}}

@article{Thavaneswaran2008,
	author = {Arane Thavaneswaran, Lisa Lix},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 23:49:56 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:57 -0600},
	journal = {Lecture Note},
	keywords = {method},
	month = {April},
	title = {Propensity Score Matching in Observational Studies},
	year = {2008}}

@article{Rubin2001,
	author = {Donald B. Rubin},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 23:49:38 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:38 -0600},
	journal = {Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology},
	keywords = {method},
	title = {Using Propensity Scores to Help Design Observational Studies: Application to the Tobacco Litigation},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2001}}

@article{Rosenbaum2010,
	author = {Design of Observational Studies},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 23:49:17 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:51 -0600},
	journal = {Springer Series in Statistics},
	keywords = {method},
	title = {Design of Observational Studies},
	year = {2010}}

@article{GreenKaplan2004,
	author = {Alan S. Gerber, Donald P. Green, and Edward H. Kaplan},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 23:49:02 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:33 -0600},
	journal = {Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press},
	keywords = {method},
	title = {The illusion of learning from observational research, Problems and Methods in the Study of Politics},
	year = {2004}}

@article{Luhrmann_etal2018,
	author = {L{\"u}hrmann, Anna, Marcus Tannenberg, & Staffan I. Lindberg},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 23:48:33 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:22 -0600},
	journal = {Politics and Governance [Online]},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	title = {Regimes of the World (RoW): Opening New Avenues for the Comparative Study of Political Regimes (article)},
	year = {2021}}

@article{HansenBowers2008,
	author = {Ben B. Hansen, Jake Bowers},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 23:47:59 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:54 -0600},
	journal = {Statist},
	keywords = {method},
	title = {Covariate balance in simple, stratified and clustered comparative studies},
	year = {2008}}

@article{RosenbaumRubin1983,
	author = {PAUL R. ROSENBAUM, DONALD B. RUBIN,},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 23:47:20 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:25 -0600},
	journal = {Biometrika},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	month = {April},
	pages = {Pages 41--55},
	title = {The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects},
	volume = {Volume 70 Issue 1},
	year = {1983}}

@article{ColeHernan2008,
	author = {Cole, S. R., Hern{\'a}n, M. A.},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 23:44:49 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:48 -0600},
	journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
	keywords = {method},
	title = {Constructing inverse probability weights for marginal structural models},
	year = {2008}}

@article{LeeLessler2010,
	author = {Lee BK, Lessler J, Stuart EA.},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 23:42:33 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:33:06 -0600},
	journal = {Stat Med},
	keywords = {method},
	title = {Improving propensity score weighting using machine learning},
	year = {2010}}

@article{Prorok2017,
	author = {Prorok, Alyssa K},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 10:13:58 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:27 -0600},
	journal = {International Organization},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	title = {The (In)Compatibility of Peace and Justice? The International Criminal Court and Civil Conflict Termination},
	year = {2017}}

@article{Ginsburg2009,
	author = {Tom Ginsburg},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 10:11:07 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:30:36 -0600},
	journal = {Chicago Journal of International Law},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	title = {The Clash of Commitments at the International Criminal Court},
	year = {2009}}

@article{GoldsmithKrasner2003,
	author = {Goldsmith, Jack, and Stephen D. Krasner},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 10:10:13 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:43 -0600},
	journal = {Daedalus},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	title = {The Limits of Idealism},
	year = {2003}}

@article{Cunningham2016,
	author = {Cunningham, David},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 10:06:35 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:32:02 -0600},
	journal = {World Politics},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	title = {Preventing Civil War: How the Potential for International Intervention can Deter Conflict Onset},
	year = {2016}}

@article{McGillivrayAlastair2000,
	author = {McGillivray, Fiona, and Alastair Smith.},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 10:05:01 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:30:55 -0600},
	journal = {International Organization},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	title = {Trust and cooperation through agent specific punishments},
	year = {2000}}

@article{Fearon1994,
	author = {Fearon, James D},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 10:04:25 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:11 -0600},
	journal = {American Political Science Review},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	title = {Domestic political audiences and the escalation of international disputes},
	year = {1994}}

@article{Dai2005,
	author = {Xinyuan Dai},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 10:00:21 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:30:22 -0600},
	journal = {International Organization},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	title = {Why Comply? The Domestic Constituency Mechanism},
	year = {2005}}

@article{Peskin2005,
	author = {Peskin, Victor},
	date-added = {2021-05-20 09:59:05 +0900},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:30:26 -0600},
	journal = {Journal of Human Rights},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	title = {Beyond Victor's Justice? The Challenge of Prosecuting the Winners at the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda},
	volume = {4.2},
	year = {2005}}

@article{Akhavan2009,
	author = {Akhavan, Payam},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:30:33 -0600},
	doi = {10.1353/hrq.0.0096},
	file = {Akhavan - 2009 - Are International Criminal Tribunals a Disincentiv.pdf:/Users/myungjung/Zotero/storage/DM53UMXF/Akhavan - 2009 - Are International Criminal Tribunals a Disincentiv.pdf:application/pdf},
	issn = {1085-794X},
	journal = {Human Rights Quarterly},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	pages = {624--654},
	shorttitle = {Are {International} {Criminal} {Tribunals} a {Disincentive} to {Peace}?},
	title = {Are {International} {Criminal} {Tribunals} a {Disincentive} to {Peace}?: {Reconciling} {Judicial} {Romanticism} with {Political} {Realism}},
	url = {http://muse.jhu.edu/content/crossref/journals/human_rights_quarterly/v031/31.3.akhavan.html},
	urldate = {2021-02-26},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2009},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://muse.jhu.edu/content/crossref/journals/human_rights_quarterly/v031/31.3.akhavan.html},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.0.0096}}

@article{Chaudoin2016,
	author = {Chaudoin, Stephen},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:32:14 -0600},
	doi = {10.1086/684595},
	file = {Chaudoin - 2016 - How Contestation Moderates the Effects of Internat.pdf:/Users/myungjung/Zotero/storage/EZJSSUU4/Chaudoin - 2016 - How Contestation Moderates the Effects of Internat.pdf:application/pdf},
	issn = {0022-3816, 1468-2508},
	journal = {The Journal of Politics},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	language = {en},
	month = apr,
	number = {2},
	pages = {557--571},
	shorttitle = {How {Contestation} {Moderates} the {Effects} of {International} {Institutions}},
	title = {How {Contestation} {Moderates} the {Effects} of {International} {Institutions}: {The} {International} {Criminal} {Court} and {Kenya}},
	url = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/684595},
	urldate = {2021-02-26},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2016},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/684595},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1086/684595}}

@article{Dancy2018,
	abstract = {Do legal amnesties for combatants help end civil wars? International policy experts often take it for granted that amnesties promote negotiated settlements with rebels. However, a large number of amnesties are followed by continued fighting or a return to the battlefield. What, then, are the factors that make amnesties effective or ineffective? In this article I use a disaggregated data set of all amnesties enacted in the context of internal war since 1946 to evaluate a bargaining theory of amnesties and peace. Testing hypotheses about conflict patterns using models that account for selection, I find that (1) only amnesties passed following conflict termination help resolve civil wars, (2) amnesties are more effective when they are embedded in peace agreements, and (3) amnesties that grant immunity for serious rights violations have no observable pacifying effects. These policy-relevant findings represent a new breakthrough in an ossified ``peace versus justice'' debate pitting security specialists against global human rights advocates.},
	author = {Dancy, Geoff},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:18 -0600},
	doi = {10.1017/S0020818318000012},
	file = {Dancy - 2018 - Deals with the Devil Conflict Amnesties, Civil Wa.pdf:/Users/myungjung/Zotero/storage/PSUPMAMV/Dancy - 2018 - Deals with the Devil Conflict Amnesties, Civil Wa.pdf:application/pdf},
	issn = {0020-8183, 1531-5088},
	journal = {International Organization},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	pages = {387--421},
	shorttitle = {Deals with the {Devil}?},
	title = {Deals with the {Devil}? {Conflict} {Amnesties}, {Civil} {War}, and {Sustainable} {Peace}},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0020818318000012/type/journal_article},
	urldate = {2021-02-26},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2018},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0020818318000012/type/journal_article},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818318000012}}

@incollection{Mallinder2012,
	address = {Cambridge},
	author = {Mallinder, Louise},
	booktitle = {Amnesty in the {Age} of {Human} {Rights} {Accountability}},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:07 -0600},
	editor = {Lessa, Francesca and Payne, Leigh A.},
	file = {Mallinder - 2012 - Amnesties' Challenge to the Global Accountability .pdf:/Users/myungjung/Zotero/storage/RHR26RD8/Mallinder - 2012 - Amnesties' Challenge to the Global Accountability .pdf:application/pdf},
	isbn = {978-1-139-17715-3},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	language = {en},
	pages = {69--96},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	title = {Amnesties' {Challenge} to the {Global} {Accountability} {Norm}?},
	urldate = {2021-05-12},
	year = {2012}}

@article{Daniels2020,
	abstract = {In the difficult process of ending civil wars, granting amnesty during conflict is seen as a useful option, with an underpinning assumption that trading justice for peace is effective. However, is the case? This article tries to bring some clarity to when and how amnesty given during conflict has an impact. Amnesty should have different effects on diverse conflict endings: negotiated settlement, rebel victory, government victory, or conflict reduction. The article also disaggregates amnesties to test direct impacts as an incentive or through reducing the commitment problem, and indirect effects that give military advantage to the government. Using a crossnational data set of amnesties in dyadic conflicts from 1975 to 2011, the research finds that amnesty's strongest effect is, surprisingly, not as an incentive but rather to reduce commitment problems. It can lead to negotiated settlements but also to government military advantage. The results have implications for negotiations and conflict resolution.},
	author = {Daniels, Lesley-Ann},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:32:08 -0600},
	doi = {10.1177/0022002720909884},
	file = {Daniels - 2020 - How and When Amnesty during Conflict Affects Confl.pdf:/Users/myungjung/Zotero/storage/CJ2QM543/Daniels - 2020 - How and When Amnesty during Conflict Affects Confl.pdf:application/pdf},
	issn = {0022-0027, 1552-8766},
	journal = {Journal of Conflict Resolution},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	language = {en},
	month = oct,
	number = {9},
	pages = {1612--1637},
	title = {How and {When} {Amnesty} during {Conflict} {Affects} {Conflict} {Termination}},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022002720909884},
	urldate = {2021-05-12},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2020},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022002720909884},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002720909884}}

@article{Krcmaric2018,
	abstract = {In recent years, several oppressive leaders have been arrested and extradited to international courts. What are the consequences of this global justice cascade? I address this question by examining patterns of exile. I show that the justice cascade has a differential effect on leaders based on their culpability (whether they presided over atrocity crimes). In the past, culpable and nonculpable leaders went into exile at virtually identical rates. Today, however, culpable leaders are about six times less likely to flee abroad because exile no longer guarantees a safe retirement. These findings raise stark implications for existing research that debates whether international justice deters atrocities or prolongs conflicts. My results about exiled leaders, I explain, imply that the justice cascade should deter atrocities and prolong conflicts. Thus, instead of debating whether international justice is helpful or harmful, future scholarship should carefully consider the trade-offs it creates.},
	author = {Krcmaric, Daniel},
	copyright = {{\copyright}2018, Midwest Political Science Association},
	date-modified = {2022-01-05 14:31:00 -0600},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12352},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/myungjung/Zotero/storage/ZMVW4RD3/ajps.html:text/html},
	issn = {1540-5907},
	journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	keywords = {amnesty},
	language = {en},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ajps.12352},
	number = {2},
	pages = {486--498},
	shorttitle = {Should {I} {Stay} or {Should} {I} {Go}?},
	title = {Should {I} {Stay} or {Should} {I} {Go}? {Leaders}, {Exile}, and the {Dilemmas} of {International} {Justice}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ajps.12352},
	urldate = {2021-05-12},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2018},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ajps.12352},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12352}}