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DEV: Absorb onebox gem into core (#12979) * Move onebox gem in core library * Update template file path * Remove warning for onebox gem caching * Remove onebox version file * Remove onebox gem * Add sanitize gem * Require onebox library in lazy-yt plugin * Remove onebox web specific code This code was used in standalone onebox Sinatra application * Merge Discourse specific AllowlistedGenericOnebox engine in core * Fix onebox engine filenames to match class name casing * Move onebox specs from gem into core * DEV: Rename `response` helper to `onebox_response` Fixes a naming collision. * Require rails_helper * Don't use `before/after(:all)` * Whitespace * Remove fakeweb * Remove poor unit tests * DEV: Re-add fakeweb, plugins are using it * Move onebox helpers * Stub Instagram API * FIX: Follow additional redirect status codes (#476) Don’t throw errors if we encounter 303, 307 or 308 HTTP status codes in responses * Remove an empty file * DEV: Update the license file Using the copy from https://choosealicense.com/licenses/gpl-2.0/# Hopefully this will enable GitHub to show the license UI? * DEV: Update embedded copyrights * DEV: Add Onebox copyright notice * DEV: Add MIT license, convert COPYRIGHT.txt to md * DEV: Remove an incorrect copyright claim Co-authored-by: Jarek Radosz <jradosz@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: jbrw <jamie@goatforce5.org>
2021-05-26 17:41:35 +08:00
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><span dir="auto"><i>Billy Jack</i></span></h1>
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<div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<dd><i>This article is about the 1971 film. For the <a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">wrestler</a> of a similar name, see <a href="/wiki/Billy_Jack_Haynes" title="Billy Jack Haynes">Billy Jack Haynes</a>.</i></dd>
</dl>
<table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation">
<tr>
<td class="mbox-image">
<div style="width:52px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" height="39" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" /></a></div>
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<td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help <a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&amp;action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <small><i>(November 2010)</i></small></span></td>
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</table>
<table class="infobox vevent" cellspacing="3" style="border-spacing:3px;width:22em;font-size: 90%;;">
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="summary" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 110%; font-style: italic;">Billy Jack</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Billy_Jack_poster.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Billy Jack poster.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Billy_Jack_poster.jpg/220px-Billy_Jack_poster.jpg" width="220" height="329" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Billy_Jack_poster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Billy_Jack_poster.jpg 2x" /></a><br />
<div style="font-size: 95%; line-height: 1.5em;">Theatrical release poster.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Directed by</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a><br />
<small>as T.C. Frank</small></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Produced by</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a><br />
<small>as Mary Rose Solti</small></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Written by</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a><br />
<small>(as Frank Christina)</small><br />
<a href="/wiki/Delores_Taylor" title="Delores Taylor">Delores Taylor</a><br />
<small>(as Theresa Christina)</small></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Starring</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a><br />
<a href="/wiki/Delores_Taylor" title="Delores Taylor">Delores Taylor</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Music by</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Mundell_Lowe" title="Mundell Lowe">Mundell Lowe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Lambert" title="Dennis Lambert">Dennis Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Potter" title="Brian Potter">Brian Potter</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Cinematography</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Fred_J._Koenekamp" title="Fred J. Koenekamp" class="mw-redirect">Fred Koenekamp</a><br />
John M. Stephens</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Editing by</th>
<td>Larry Heath<br />
Marion Rothman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Studio</th>
<td>National Student Film Corporation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Distributed by</th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Release dates</th>
<td>May 1, 1971</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Running time</th>
<td>114 min.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Country</th>
<td>United States</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Language</th>
<td>English</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Budget</th>
<td>$800,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;white-space: nowrap;;">Box office</th>
<td>$32,500,000<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><i><b>Billy Jack</b></i> is a 1971 action/drama <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">independent</a> film; the second of four films centering on a character of the same name which began with the movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Born_Losers" title="The Born Losers">The Born Losers</a></i> (1967), played by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a>, who directed and co-wrote the script. Filming began in <a href="/wiki/Prescott,_Arizona" title="Prescott, Arizona">Prescott, Arizona</a>, in the fall of 1969, but the movie was not completed until 1971. <a href="/wiki/American_International_Pictures" title="American International Pictures">American International Pictures</a> pulled out, halting filming. <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century-Fox</a> came forward and filming eventually resumed but when that studio refused to distribute the film, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> stepped forward.</p>
<p>Still, the film lacked distribution, so Laughlin booked it in to theaters himself in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> The film died at the box office in its initial run, but eventually took in more than $40 million in its 1973 re-release, with distribution supervised by Laughlin.</p>
<p></p>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">
<h2>Contents</h2>
</div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Plot"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Plot</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Box-office_and_critical_reception"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Box-office and critical reception</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Soundtrack"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Soundtrack</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Reception"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Reception</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Track_listing"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Track listing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Personnel</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Influence"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Influence</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Billy_Jack_in_popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Billy Jack</i> in popular culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Plot">Plot</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Plot">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Billy Jack is a "<a href="/wiki/Half-breed" title="Half-breed">half-breed</a>" <a href="/wiki/Navajo_people" title="Navajo people">American Navajo Indian</a><sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, a <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_(United_States_Army)" title="Special Forces (United States Army)">Green Beret</a> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <a href="/wiki/Veteran" title="Veteran">veteran</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Hapkido" title="Hapkido">hapkido</a> master. The character made his début in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Born_Losers" title="The Born Losers">The Born Losers</a></i> (1967), a "<a href="/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club" title="Outlaw motorcycle club">biker</a> film" about a motorcycle gang terrorizing a California town. Billy Jack rises to the occasion to defeat the gang when defending a college student with evidence against them for gang rape.</p>
<p>In the second film, <i>Billy Jack</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">hero</a> defends the <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a>-themed Freedom School and students from townspeople who do not understand or like the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture</a> students. The school is organized by Jean Roberts (<a href="/wiki/Delores_Taylor" title="Delores Taylor">Delores Taylor</a>).</p>
<p>In one scene, a group of Indian children from the school go to town for ice cream and are refused service and then abused and humiliated by Bernard Posner and his gang. This prompts a violent outburst by Billy. Later, Billy's girlfriend Jean is raped and an Indian student is murdered by Bernard (David Roya), the son of the county's corrupt <a href="/wiki/Political_boss" title="Political boss">political boss</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bert_Freed" title="Bert Freed">Bert Freed</a>). Billy confronts Bernard and sustains a gunshot wound before killing him with a hand strike to the throat, after Bernard was having sex with a 13-year-old girl. After a climactic shootout with the police, and pleading from Jean, Billy Jack surrenders to the authorities and is arrested. As he is driven away, a large crowd of supporters raise their fists as a show of defiance and support. The plot continues in the sequel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_Billy_Jack" title="The Trial of Billy Jack">The Trial of Billy Jack</a></i>.</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Box-office_and_critical_reception">Box-office and critical reception</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Box-office and critical reception">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The film was re-released in 1973 and earned an estimated $8,275,000 in North American rentals.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p><i>Billy Jack</i> holds a "Fresh" rating of 62% at <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> As of February 2014 it has a score of 6.1 on <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" title="Internet Movie Database">IMDB</a>.</p>
<p>In his <i>Movie and Video Guide,</i> film critic Leonard Maltin writes: "Seen today, its politics are highly questionable, and its 'message' of peace looks ridiculous, considering the amount of violence in the film."</p>
<p><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> also saw the message of the film as self-contradictory, writing: "I'm also somewhat disturbed by the central theme of the movie. 'Billy Jack' seems to be saying the same thing as '<a href="/wiki/The_Born_Losers" title="The Born Losers">Born Losers</a>,' that a gun is better than a constitution in the enforcement of justice."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Delores Taylor received a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe" title="Golden Globe" class="mw-redirect">Golden Globe</a> nomination as Most Promising Newcoming Actress. Tom Laughlin won the grand prize for the film at the 1971 <a href="/wiki/Taormina_International_Film_Festival" title="Taormina International Film Festival" class="mw-redirect">Taormina International Film Festival</a> in Italy.</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Soundtrack">Soundtrack</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Soundtrack">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table class="infobox vevent haudio" cellspacing="3" style="border-spacing:3px;width:22em;">
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="summary album" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background-color: gainsboro;">Billy Jack</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/Soundtrack_album" title="Soundtrack album">Soundtrack album</a> by <span class="contributor"><a href="/wiki/Mundell_Lowe" title="Mundell Lowe">Mundell Lowe</a></span></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Released</th>
<td class="published">1972</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Recorded</th>
<td>1971</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genre</a></th>
<td class="category"><a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">Film score</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Label</a></th>
<td><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Records" title="Warner Bros. Records">Warner Bros.</a><br />
<small>WS 1926</small></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Producer</a></th>
<td>Mundell Lowe</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/Mundell_Lowe" title="Mundell Lowe">Mundell Lowe</a> chronology</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">
<table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: top">
<tr>
<td style="width: 33%; padding: 0.2em 0.1em 0.2em 0"><i><a href="/wiki/Satan_in_High_Heels#Soundtrack" title="Satan in High Heels">Satan in High Heels</a></i><br />
(1961)</td>
<td style="width: 33%; padding: 0.2em 0.1em 0.2em 0.1em"><i><b>Billy Jack</b></i><br />
(1971)</td>
<td style="width: 33%; padding: 0.2em 0 0.2em 0.1em"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Guitar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="California Guitar (page does not exist)">California Guitar</a></i><br />
(1974)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">film score</a> was composed, arranged and conducted by <a href="/wiki/Mundell_Lowe" title="Mundell Lowe">Mundell Lowe</a> and the soundtrack album was originally released on the <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Records" title="Warner Bros. Records">Warner Bros.</a> label.<sup id="cite_ref-Mundell_Lowe_discography_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mundell_Lowe_discography-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Allmusic" title="Allmusic" class="mw-redirect">Allmusic</a> review states "a strange and striking combination of styles that somehow is effective... a listenable disc whose flaws only add to the warmth".<sup id="cite_ref-Allmusic_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allmusic-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> The film's theme song, "<a href="/wiki/One_Tin_Soldier" title="One Tin Soldier">One Tin Soldier (The Legend of Billy Jack)</a>" by the band <a href="/wiki/Coven_(band)" title="Coven (band)">Coven</a>, became a <a href="/wiki/Top_40" title="Top 40">Top 40</a> hit in 1971, and featured the chorus:</p>
<div style="margin-left: 2em; font-style: italic;" class="poem">
<p>Go ahead and hate your neighbor; go ahead and cheat a friend.<br />
Do it in the name of heaven; you can justify it in the end.<br />
There won't be any trumpets blowin' come the judgment day<br />
On the bloody morning after, one tin soldier rides away</p>
</div>
<table class="wikitable infobox" style="float: right; width: 24.2em; font-size: 80%; text-align: center; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th scope="col" colspan="2" style="font-size:120%;">Professional ratings</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="col" colspan="2" style="background:#d1dbdf; font-size:120%;">Review scores</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Source</th>
<th scope="col">Rating</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td scope="row"><i><a href="/wiki/Allmusic" title="Allmusic" class="mw-redirect">Allmusic</a></i></td>
<td style="vertical-align:middle"><span style="white-space:nowrap" title="3.5/5 stars"><img alt="3.5/5 stars" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/11px-Star_half.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/17px-Star_half.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/22px-Star_half.svg.png 2x" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" /></span><sup id="cite_ref-Allmusic_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allmusic-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Track_listing">Track listing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Track listing">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>All compositions by Mundell Lowe, except as indicated.</p>
<ol>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Tin_Soldier" title="One Tin Soldier">One Tin Soldier</a>" (Dennis Lambert, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Potter_(musician)" title="Brian Potter (musician)">Brian Potter</a>)&#160;– 3:18</li>
<li>"Hello Billy Jack"&#160;– 0:45</li>
<li>"Old and the New"&#160;– 1:00</li>
<li>"Johnnie" (Teresa Kelly)&#160;– 2:35</li>
<li>"Look, Look to the Mountain" (Kelly)&#160;– 1:40</li>
<li>"When Will Billy Love Me" (Lynn Baker)&#160;– 3:24</li>
<li>"Freedom Over Me" (Gwen Smith)&#160;– 0:35</li>
<li>"All Forked Tongue Talk Alike"&#160;– 2:54</li>
<li>"Challenge"&#160;– 2:20</li>
<li>"Rainbow Made of Children" (Baker)&#160;– 3:50</li>
<li>"Most Beautiful Day"&#160;– 0:30</li>
<li>"An Indian Dance"&#160;– 1:15</li>
<li>"Ceremonial Dance"&#160;– 1:59</li>
<li>"Flick of the Wrist"&#160;– 2:15</li>
<li>"It's All She Left Me"&#160;– 1:56</li>
<li>"You Shouldn't Do That"&#160;– 3:21</li>
<li>"Ring Song" (Katy Moffatt)&#160;– 4:25</li>
<li>"Thy Loving Hand"&#160;– 1:35</li>
<li>"Say Goodbye 'Cause You're Leavin'"&#160;– 2:36</li>
<li>"The Theme from Billy Jack"&#160;– 2:21</li>
<li>"One Tin Soldier (End Title)" (Lambert, Potter)&#160;– 1:06</li>
</ol>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Personnel">Personnel</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Personnel">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mundell_Lowe" title="Mundell Lowe">Mundell Lowe</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">arranger</a>, conductor</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coven_(band)" title="Coven (band)">Coven</a> featuring Jinx Dawson (tracks 1 &amp; 21), Teresa Kelly (tracks 4 &amp; 5), Lynn Baker (tracks 6 &amp; 10), Gwen Smith (track 7), <a href="/wiki/Katy_Moffatt" title="Katy Moffatt">Katy Moffatt</a> (track 17): vocals</li>
<li>Other unidentified musicians</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Influence">Influence</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Influence">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Marketed as an action film, the story focuses on the plight of Native Americans during the <a href="/wiki/Movements_for_civil_rights#Civil_rights_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Movements for civil rights">civil rights movement</a>. It attained a <a href="/wiki/Cult_following" title="Cult following">cult following</a> among younger audiences due to its youth-oriented, anti-authority message and the then-novel martial arts fight scenes which predate the <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" title="Chinese martial arts">kung fu</a> <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">movie</a> trend that followed.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> The centerpiece of the film features Billy Jack, enraged over the mistreatment of his Indian friends, fighting racist thugs using <a href="/wiki/Hapkido" title="Hapkido">hapkido</a> techniques.</p>
<p>Billy Jack's wardrobe (black T-shirt, blue denim jacket, <a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">blue jeans</a>, and a black hat with a beadwork band) would become nearly as iconic as the character.</p>
<p>The second major movie to make use of the word "fuck" (<a href="/wiki/MASH_(film)" title="MASH (film)">MASH</a> being the first). A black student says the words "fucked up" during the scene where the Freedom school students are talking about the "Second Coming".</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Billy_Jack_in_popular_culture"><i>Billy Jack</i> in popular culture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Billy Jack in popular culture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li>In 1975 (release date 12/30/1974), Firesign Theater, an American comedy group, made reference to Billy Jack on their album, "In The Next World, You're on Your Own," in the form of "Billy Jack Dog Food", and "I'm not Billy Jacking you," among other thematic references.</li>
<li>In 1975, musician <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Mayfield" title="Curtis Mayfield">Curtis Mayfield</a> recorded and released a song titled, "Billy Jack" on his album <i>There's No Place Like America Today</i>.</li>
<li>In 1976 musician <a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon" title="Paul Simon">Paul Simon</a> played "Billy Paul" (a parody of Billy Jack, unrelated<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> to musician <a href="/wiki/Billy_Paul" title="Billy Paul">Billy Paul</a>) in a sketch on the second season of the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> comedy show <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i>, after the film <i>Billy Jack</i> aired earlier that evening on NBC.</li>
<li>In 1982, a professional wrestler, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Jack_Haynes" title="Billy Jack Haynes">Billy Jack Haynes</a>, debuted as "Billy Jack" wearing a hat like Billy Jack. He changed his wrestling name from "Billy Jack" to "Billy Jack Haynes" after Tom Laughlin threatened to sue.</li>
<li>In the series <i><a href="/wiki/Mystery_Science_Theater_3000" title="Mystery Science Theater 3000">Mystery Science Theater 3000</a>,</i> at least two episodes reference <i>Billy Jack</i>: on the episode <i><a href="/wiki/Werewolf_(1996_film)" title="Werewolf (1996 film)">Werewolf</a></i>, after a fight breaks out between a racist dig supervisor and his Indian help, Tom Servo says, "This is where Billy Jack should come riding up."; on the episode <i><a href="/wiki/Track_of_the_Moon_Beast" title="Track of the Moon Beast">Track of the Moon Beast</a>,</i> after the Native American professor finishes telling a story, Crow says, "Uh huh...do you know Billy Jack?"</li>
<li>In an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i> ("<a href="/wiki/Bart_of_War" title="Bart of War" class="mw-redirect">Bart of War</a>"), Bart joins a <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a>-like group called the "Pre-Teen Braves", and they engage in a rivalry with "the Cavalry Kids". A montage of the two groups fighting each other is set to Coven's version of <i>One Tin Soldier</i>.</li>
<li>The song "Kooler than Jesus" by <a href="/wiki/My_Life_with_the_Thrill_Kill_Kult" title="My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult">My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult</a> features samples from the film.</li>
<li>Billy Jack is referenced in an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Gilmore_Girls" title="Gilmore Girls">Gilmore Girls</a></i> ("<a href="/wiki/Red_Light_on_the_Wedding_Night" title="Red Light on the Wedding Night" class="mw-redirect">Red Light on the Wedding Night</a>") while Lorelai and Rory are watching the movie in their living room. At the line "Billy Jack, I'm gonna kill you if it's the last thing I do!", Lorelai responds, "Ugh, he so jinxed himself with that one." Rory replies, "Yeah, he should've said 'Billy Jack, I'm gonna kill you or buy myself a lovely chenille sweater.'"</li>
<li>Upon meeting <a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">serial killer</a> <a href="/wiki/Cary_Stayner" title="Cary Stayner">Cary Stayner</a>—then considered a possible material witness to a 1999 murder in <a href="/wiki/Yosemite" title="Yosemite" class="mw-redirect">Yosemite</a> National Park—FBI Agent Jeff Rinek asked if Stayner had ever seen the movie <i>Billy Jack,</i> noting Stayner's resemblance to the film's hero. Initially, Stayner denied seeing the movie.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> However, 90 minutes later, after building rapport during the drive to the FBI headquarters in Sacramento from the <a href="/wiki/Nudist" title="Nudist" class="mw-redirect">nudist</a> resort where he was picked up, Stayner surprised Rinek by reciting several of Billy Jack's lines.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>In the motion picture <i><a href="/wiki/Major_Payne" title="Major Payne">Major Payne</a>,</i> Damon Wayans as the title character references the iconic fight scene quote "Now, what I'm goin' do is take this right foot and I'm 'a put it 'cross the left side your face."</li>
<li>In season three of the television series <i><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_the_Teenage_Witch_(TV_series)" title="Sabrina the Teenage Witch (TV series)" class="mw-redirect">Sabrina The Teenage Witch</a></i>, principal Mr. Kraft reveals that Billy Jack is his favorite film.</li>
<li>Billy Jack was referenced by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Carrey" title="Jim Carrey">Jim Carrey</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Yes_Man_(film)" title="Yes Man (film)">Yes Man</a>.</i></li>
<li>Metal band <a href="/wiki/Goblin_Cock" title="Goblin Cock">Goblin Cock</a> have a song entitled "Ode to Billy Jack" on their 2009 album <i>Come With Me if You Want to Live</i>, which is a tribute to him.</li>
<li>In the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Drillbit_Taylor" title="Drillbit Taylor">Drillbit Taylor</a></i>, actor <a href="/wiki/Owen_Wilson" title="Owen Wilson">Owen Wilson</a> references Billy Jack by saying to a cast mate "I am gonna Billy Jack your ass."</li>
<li>In the episode of the animated show <i><a href="/wiki/Pinky_and_the_Brain" title="Pinky and the Brain">Pinky and the Brain</a></i>, titled "Brainy Jack," Brain assumes the role of the titular Brainy Jack to trick a commune of hippies into helping him take over the world. Brain's wardrobe is a direct reference to Billy Jack, especially the hat with a beaded hat-band. Likewise, the song Pinky sings in the episode is a parody of "<a href="/wiki/One_Tin_Soldier" title="One Tin Soldier">One Tin Soldier</a>."</li>
<li>British electro band <a href="/wiki/Relaxed_Muscle" title="Relaxed Muscle">Relaxed Muscle</a> (fronted by <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Cocker" title="Jarvis Cocker">Jarvis Cocker</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(band)" title="Pulp (band)">Pulp</a>) released a song called "Billy Jack" on their only album <i><a href="/wiki/A_Heavy_Nite_With..." title="A Heavy Nite With...">A Heavy Nite With...</a></i> in 2003. It was released as a single with a music video that featured Cocker (as alter ego, Darren Spooner) in Western garb reminiscent of Billy Jack's trademark outfit.</li>
<li>In the&#160;<a href="/wiki/Warehouse_13" title="Warehouse 13">Warehouse 13</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Warehouse_13_(season_2)" title="Warehouse 13 (season 2)">Season 2</a> episode "<a href="/wiki/List_of_Warehouse_13_episodes" title="List of Warehouse 13 episodes">13.1</a>", the brain damaged&#160;<a href="/wiki/List_of_Warehouse_13_characters" title="List of Warehouse 13 characters">Hugo Miller</a>&#160;shouts "Billy Jack!" excitedly after&#160;<a href="/wiki/Myka_Bering" title="Myka Bering">Myka Bering</a>&#160;kicks a gas station attendant who had pulled a gun.</li>
<li>In the book "The Berlin Blues", a play by Drew Hayden Taylor, the character named Trailer references Billy Jack when he says on page 92, "No Cirque du Billy Jack?" when the plan for Ojibway World which was supposed to be opening on the reserve falls through.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Maher" title="Bill Maher">Bill Maher</a> referenced Billy Jack in a July 2012 blog post about <a href="/wiki/Mormon_fundamentalism" title="Mormon fundamentalism">fundamentalist Mormons</a>.</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-NYT-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Waxman, Sharon (June 20, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE2D9133EF933A15755C0A9639C8B63&amp;pagewanted=2">"Billy Jack Is Ready to Fight the Good Fight Again"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2011-01-02</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack&amp;rft.atitle=Billy+Jack+Is+Ready+to+Fight+the+Good+Fight+Again&amp;rft.aufirst=Sharon&amp;rft.aulast=Waxman&amp;rft.au=Waxman%2C+Sharon&amp;rft.date=June+20%2C+2005&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9E0CE2D9133EF933A15755C0A9639C8B63%26pagewanted%3D2&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Big Rental Films of 1973", <i>Variety</i>, 9 January 1974 p 19</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/billy_jack/">Billy Jack - Rotten Tomatoes</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19710802/REVIEWS/101010302/1023">Billy Jack - Roger Ebert</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Mundell_Lowe_discography-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mundell_Lowe_discography_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mundelllowe.com/discography.htm">Mundell Lowe discography</a> accessed August 23, 2012</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-Allmusic-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Allmusic_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allmusic_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Viglione, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/album/billy-jack-mw0000893211">Allmusic Review</a> accessed August 23, 2012</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Stewart, Jocelyn Y. (January 14, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jan/14/local/me-han14">"Bong Soo Han, 73; grand master of hapkido won film fans for martial arts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2010-11-25</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack&amp;rft.atitle=Bong+Soo+Han%2C+73%3B+grand+master+of+hapkido+won+film+fans+for+martial+arts&amp;rft.aufirst=Jocelyn+Y.&amp;rft.aulast=Stewart&amp;rft.au=Stewart%2C+Jocelyn+Y.&amp;rft.date=January+14%2C+2007&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2007%2Fjan%2F14%2Flocal%2Fme-han14&amp;rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snltranscripts.jt.org/76/76hbillypaul.phtml">"The Story of Billy Paul"</a>. November 20, 1976<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-07-15</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack&amp;rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Billy+Paul&amp;rft.date=November+20%2C+1976&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnltranscripts.jt.org%2F76%2F76hbillypaul.phtml&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Finz, Stacy (December 15, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2002/12/15/MNSTAYNER15PART1.DTL">"The Case of a Lifetime, Part One (2002, December 15)"</a>. SFGate.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2008-12-10</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack&amp;rft.au=Finz%2C+Stacy&amp;rft.aufirst=Stacy&amp;rft.aulast=Finz&amp;rft.btitle=The+Case+of+a+Lifetime%2C+Part+One+%282002%2C+December+15%29&amp;rft.date=December+15%2C+2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2002%2F12%2F15%2FMNSTAYNER15PART1.DTL&amp;rft.pub=SFGate.com&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/s/p/2002/stayner/STAYNER15PART2.DTL">"The Case of a Lifetime, Part Two (2002, December 15)"</a>. SFGate.com. December 14, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2008-12-10</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack&amp;rft.btitle=The+Case+of+a+Lifetime%2C+Part+Two+%282002%2C+December+15%29&amp;rft.date=December+14%2C+2002&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fs%2Fp%2F2002%2Fstayner%2FSTAYNER15PART2.DTL&amp;rft.pub=SFGate.com&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billyjack.com/"><i>Billy Jack</i></a>, Laughlin's official Billy Jack web site</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billyjackrights.com/"><i>Billy Jack Rights, LLC</i></a>, Worldwide Rights Owner</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0066832/"><i>Billy Jack</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popcultureaddict.com/close/davidroya.htm">The Man Who Made Billy Jack Go Berserk: A Conversation with David Roya</a> Interview with Billy Jack co-star David "Bernard Posner" Roya</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/38319/complete-billy-jack-collection-the-born-losers-billy-jack-the-trial-of-billy-jack-billy-jack-goes-to-washington-the/">DVD review of the Billy Jack series and production history</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2010/12/billy_jack_is_t.php#more">A vision of American multiplicity</a> <a href="/wiki/Village_Voice" title="Village Voice" class="mw-redirect">Village Voice</a> review August 19, 1971</li>
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<div style="font-size:110%;">Films directed by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a></div>
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<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Proper_Time" title="The Proper Time">The Proper Time</a></i> (1960)</li>
<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Young_Sinner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Young Sinner (page does not exist)">The Young Sinner</a></i> (1965)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Born_Losers" title="The Born Losers">The Born Losers</a></i> (1967)</li>
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<li><i><strong class="selflink">Billy Jack</strong></i> (1971)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_Billy_Jack" title="The Trial of Billy Jack">The Trial of Billy Jack</a></i> (1974)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_Gunfighter" title="The Master Gunfighter">The Master Gunfighter</a></i> (1975)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Billy_Jack_Goes_to_Washington" title="Billy Jack Goes to Washington">Billy Jack Goes to Washington</a></i> (1977)</li>
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<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Billy_Jack" title="The Return of Billy Jack">The Return of Billy Jack</a></i> (1986; unreleased)</li>
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