discourse/docs/INSTALL-ubuntu.md

# Official Discourse Install Guide

## Recommended Server Hardware

- 2 GB of RAM
- 2 GB of swap
- 2 processor cores

With 2 GB of memory and dual cores, you can run two instances of the thin server (`NUM_WEBS=2`), and easily host anything but the largest of forums.

1 GB of memory, 3 GB of swap and a single core CPU are the minimums for a steady state, running Discourse forum – but it's simpler to just throw a bit more hardware at the problem if you can, particularly during the install.

## Install Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS with the package groups:

Yes, you can in theory pick the distro of your choice, but to keep this guide sane, we're picking one, and it's Ubuntu. Feel free to substitute the distro of your choice, the steps are mostly the same.

![screenshot of package group selection screen](https://raw.github.com/discourse/discourse-docimages/master/install/ubuntu%20-%20install%20-%20software%20selection.png)

* Basic Ubuntu server
* OpenSSH server
* Mail server
* PostgreSQL database (9.1+)

You may be working on an already-installed or automatically deployed system, in which case you can install them afterwards:

    # Run these commands as your normal login (e.g. "michael")
    sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade
    sudo tasksel install openssh-server
    sudo tasksel install mail-server
    sudo tasksel install postgresql-server

### Configure the mail server:

![screenshot of mail server type configuration screen](https://raw.github.com/discourse/discourse-docimages/master/install/ubuntu%20-%20install%20-%20mail_1%20system%20type.png)

In our example setup, we're going to configure as a 'Satellite system', forwarding all mail to our egress servers for delivery. You'll probably want to do that unless you're handling mail on the same machine as the Discourse software.

![screenshot of mail name configuration screen](https://raw.github.com/discourse/discourse-docimages/master/install/ubuntu%20-%20install%20-%20mail_2%20mailname.png)

You probably want to configure your 'mail name' to be the base name of your domain. Note that this does not affect any email sent out by Discourse itself, just unqualified mail generated by systems programs.

![screenshot of relay host configuration screen](https://raw.github.com/discourse/discourse-docimages/master/install/ubuntu%20-%20install%20-%20mail_3%20relayconfig.png)

If you have a mail server responsible for handling the egress of email from your network, enter it here. Otherwise, leave it blank.

## Additional system packages

Install necessary packages:

    # Run these commands as your normal login (e.g. "michael")
    sudo apt-get -y install build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev git libtool libxslt-dev libxml2-dev libpq-dev gawk curl pngcrush imagemagick python-software-properties

    # If you're on Ubuntu >= 12.10, change:
    # python-software-properties to software-properties-common

## Caching: Redis

Redis is a networked, in memory key-value store cache. Without the Redis caching layer, we'd have to go to the database a lot more often for common information and the site would be slower as a result.

Be sure to install the latest stable Redis, as the package in the distro may be a bit old:

    sudo apt-add-repository -y ppa:rwky/redis
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install redis-server

## Web Server: nginx

nginx is used for:

* reverse proxy (i.e. load balancer)
* static asset serving (since you don't want to do that from ruby)
* anonymous user cache

At Discourse, we recommend the latest version of nginx (we like the new and
shiny). To install on Ubuntu:

    # Run these commands as your normal login (e.g. "michael")
    # Remove any existing versions of nginx
    sudo apt-get remove '^nginx.*$'

    # Add nginx repo to sources.list
    cat <<'EOF' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list

    deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ precise nginx
    deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ precise nginx
    EOF

    # Add nginx key
    curl http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | sudo apt-key add -

    # install nginx
    sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y install nginx

## Install Ruby with RVM

### RVM : Single-user installation

We recommend installing RVM isolated to a single user's environment.

## Discourse setup

Create Discourse user:

    # Run these commands as your normal login (e.g. "michael")
    sudo adduser --shell /bin/bash --gecos 'Discourse application' discourse
    sudo install -d -m 755 -o discourse -g discourse /var/www/discourse

Give Postgres database rights to the `discourse` user:

    # Run these commands as your normal login (e.g. "michael")
    sudo -u postgres createuser -s discourse
    # If you will be using password authentication on your database, only
    # necessary if the database will be on a remote host
    sudo -u postgres psql -c "alter user discourse password 'todayisagooddaytovi';"

Change to the 'discourse' user:

    # Run this command as your normal login (e.g. "michael"), further commands should be run as 'discourse'
    sudo su - discourse

Install RVM

    # As 'discourse'
    # Install RVM
    \curl -s -S -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
    . ~/.bash_profile

    # rvm added shell initialization code to ~/.bash_profile,
    # move it to ~/.profile instead
    cat ~/.bash_profile >> ~/.profile
    rm ~/.bash_profile

    # Install necessary packages for building ruby (this will only work if
    # you've given discourse sudo permissions, which is *not* the default)
    # rvm requirements

    # If discourse does not have sudo permissions (likely the case), run:
    rvm --autolibs=read-fail requirements
    # and rvm will tell you which packages you (or your sysadmin) need
    # to install before it can proceed. Do that and then resume next:

Continue with Discourse installation

    # Build and install ruby
    rvm install 2.0.0

    # Use installed ruby as default
    rvm use 2.0.0 --default

    # Install bundler
    gem install bundler

    # Pull down the latest code
    git clone git://github.com/discourse/discourse.git /var/www/discourse
    cd /var/www/discourse
    git checkout master

    # To run on the most recent numbered release instead of bleeding-edge:
    #git checkout latest-release

    # Install necessary gems
    bundle install --deployment --without test

_If you have errors building the native extensions, ensure you have sufficient free system memory. 1GB with no swap isn't enough, we recommend having 2GB as a minimum._

Configure Discourse:

    # Run these commands as the discourse user
    cd /var/www/discourse/config
    cp database.yml.production-sample database.yml
    cp redis.yml.sample redis.yml
    cp discourse.pill.sample discourse.pill
    cp environments/production.rb.sample environments/production.rb

Edit /var/www/discourse/config/database.yml

- change production database name if appropriate
- change database username/password if appropriate
- if you are hosting multiple Discourse forums on the same server (multisite), set `db_id`
- change `host_names` to the name you'll use to access the discourse site, e.g. "forum.example.com"

Edit /var/www/discourse/config/redis.yml

- no changes if this is the only application using redis, but have a look

Edit /var/www/discourse/config/discourse.pill

- change application name from 'discourse' if necessary
- Ensure appropriate Bluepill.application line is uncommented

Edit /var/www/discourse/config/environments/production.rb
- browse througn all the settings
- be sure to add your mail server SMTP settings so outgoing mail can be sent (we recommend [Mandrill](https://mandrillapp.com))
- If your users will come from "internal" [private unroutable IPs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_network) like 10.x.x.x or 192.168.x.x please [see this topic](http://meta.discourse.org/t/all-of-my-internal-users-show-as-coming-from-127-0-0-1/6607).

Initialize the database:

    # Run these commands as the discourse user
    # The database name here should match the production one in database.yml
    cd /var/www/discourse
    createdb discourse_prod
    RUBY_GC_MALLOC_LIMIT=90000000 RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:migrate
    RUBY_GC_MALLOC_LIMIT=90000000 RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake assets:precompile

Not english? Set the default language as appropriate:

    # Run these commands as the discourse user
    cd /var/www/discourse
    RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails c
    SiteSetting.default_locale = 'fr'

    # Not sure if your locale is supported? Check at the rails console:
    LocaleSiteSetting.values
     => ["cs", "da", "de", "en", "es", "fr", "id", "it", "nb_NO", "nl", "pseudo", "pt", "ru", "sv", "zh_CN", "zh_TW"]

## nginx setup

    # Run these commands as your normal login (e.g. "michael")
    sudo cp /var/www/discourse/config/nginx.sample.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/discourse.conf

Edit /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:

- add: `server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;` to the `http` section

If discourse will be the only site served by nginx, disable the nginx default
site:

- `sudo mv /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf.disabled`
- Otherwise, only `server_name`s configured below in `discourse.conf` will be passed to Discourse.

Edit /etc/nginx/conf.d/discourse.conf

- edit `server_name`. Example: `server_name cain.discourse.org test.cain.discourse.org;`
- change socket paths if discourse is installed to a different location
- modify root location if discourse is installed to a different location

Reload nginx by running

    # Run as your normal login (e.g. "michael")
    sudo /etc/init.d/nginx reload

## Bluepill setup

Configure Bluepill:

    # Run these commands as the discourse user
    gem install bluepill
    echo 'alias bluepill="NOEXEC_DISABLE=1 bluepill --no-privileged -c ~/.bluepill"' >> ~/.bash_aliases
    rvm wrapper $(rvm current) bootup bluepill
    rvm wrapper $(rvm current) bootup bundle

Start Discourse:

    # Run these commands as the discourse user
    RUBY_GC_MALLOC_LIMIT=90000000 RAILS_ROOT=/var/www/discourse RAILS_ENV=production NUM_WEBS=2 bluepill --no-privileged -c ~/.bluepill load /var/www/discourse/config/discourse.pill

Add the Bluepill startup to crontab.

    # Run these commands as the discourse user
    crontab -e

Add the following lines:

    @reboot RUBY_GC_MALLOC_LIMIT=90000000 RAILS_ROOT=/var/www/discourse RAILS_ENV=production NUM_WEBS=2 /home/discourse/.rvm/bin/bootup_bluepill --no-privileged -c ~/.bluepill load /var/www/discourse/config/discourse.pill

## Log rotation setup

    # Disabled for now - log rotation isn't *quite* complete
    #0 0 * * * /usr/sbin/logrotate /var/www/discourse/config/logrotate.conf

## Email setup

IMPORTANT: Discourse relies heavily on email. If your email configuration is not correct, you will effectively have a broken forum.
Please, head over to our [Mail Setup Guide](https://github.com/discourse/discourse/blob/master/docs/INSTALL-email.md) to find out more information on how to properly setup emails.

Congratulations! You've got Discourse installed and running!

## Administrator account

Now make yourself an administrator account. Browse to your discourse instance
and create an account by logging in normally, then run the commands:

    # Run these commands as the discourse user
    cd /var/www/discourse
    RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails c

    # Administratorize yourself:
    # (in rails console)
    > me = User.find_by_username_or_email('myemailaddress@me.com')
    > me.activate # use this in case you haven't configured your mail server and therefore can't receive the activation mail.
    > me.admin = true
    > me.save

    # Mark yourself as the 'system user':
    # (in rails console)
    > SiteSetting.site_contact_username = me.username

At this point we recommend you start going through the various items in the
[Discourse Admin Quick Start Guide](https://github.com/discourse/discourse/wiki/The-Discourse-Admin-Quick-Start-Guide)
to further prepare your site for users.

## Site localization

Custom assets such as images should be placed somewhere under:

    /var/www/discourse/public/

For example, create a `local` directory and place it into:

    /var/www/discourse/public/uploads/local/michael.png

The corresponding site setting is:

    logo_small_url: /uploads/local/michael.png

## Updating Discourse

    # Run these commands as the discourse user
    bluepill stop
    bluepill quit
    # Back up your install
    DATESTAMP=$(TZ=UTC date +%F-%T)
    pg_dump --no-owner --clean discourse_prod | gzip -c > ~/discourse-db-$DATESTAMP.sql.gz
    tar cfz ~/discourse-dir-$DATESTAMP.tar.gz -C /var/www discourse
    # get the latest Discourse code
    cd /var/www/discourse
    git checkout master
    git pull
    git fetch --tags
    # To run on the latest numbered release instead of bleeding-edge:
    #git checkout latest-release
    #
    # Follow the section below titled:
    # "Check sample configuration files for new settings"
    #
    bundle install --without test --deployment
    RUBY_GC_MALLOC_LIMIT=90000000 RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake db:migrate
    RUBY_GC_MALLOC_LIMIT=90000000 RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake assets:precompile
    # restart bluepill
    crontab -l
    # Here, run the command to start bluepill.
    # Get it from the crontab output above.

### Check sample configuration files for new settings

Check the sample configuration files provided in the repo with the ones being used for additional recommended settings and merge those in:

    # Run these commands as the discourse user
    cd /var/www/discourse
    diff -u config/discourse.pill.sample config/discourse.pill
    diff -u config/nginx.sample.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/discourse.conf
    diff -u config/environments/production.rb.sample config/environments/production.rb

#### Example 1

    $ diff -u config/discourse.pill.sample config/discourse.pill
    --- config/discourse.pill.sample  2013-07-15 17:38:06.501507001 +0000
    +++ config/discourse.pill  2013-07-05 06:38:27.133506896 +0000
    @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@

       app.working_dir = rails_root
       sockdir = "#{rails_root}/tmp/sockets"
    -  File.directory? sockdir or FileUtils.mkdir_p sockdir
    +  File.directory? sockdir or Dir.mkdir sockdir
       num_webs.times do |i|
         app.process("thin-#{i}") do |process|

This change reflects us switching to using `FileUtils.mkdir_p` instead of `Dir.mkdir`.

#### Example 2

    $ diff -u config/nginx.sample.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/discourse.conf
    --- config/nginx.sample.conf	2013-07-15 17:38:06.521507000 +0000
    +++ /etc/nginx/conf.d/discourse.conf	2013-07-15 17:52:46.649507024 +0000
    @@ -12,17 +12,18 @@
       gzip_min_length 1000;
       gzip_types application/json text/css application/x-javascript;

    -  server_name enter.your.web.hostname.here;
    +  server_name webtier.discourse.org;

       sendfile on;

       keepalive_timeout 65;
    -  client_max_body_size 2m;
       location / {
         root /home/discourse/discourse/public;

This change reflects a change in placeholder information plus (importantly)
adding the `client_max_body_size 2m;` directive to the nginx configuration.
This change should also be made to your production file.

## Security

We take security very seriously at Discourse, and all our code is 100% open source and peer reviewed.
Please read [our security guide](https://github.com/discourse/discourse/blob/master/docs/SECURITY.md) for an overview of security measures in Discourse.