discourse/spec/models/upload_spec.rb
Sam f96ef33856
FIX: dominant color not working for 16bit images (#20300)
16 bit images were not returning the correct dominant color due truncation

The routine expected an 8bit color eg: #FFAA00, but ended up getting a 16bit one eg: #FFFAAA000. This caused a truncation, which leads to wildly off colors.
2023-02-15 12:41:04 +11:00

742 lines
26 KiB
Ruby

# frozen_string_literal: true
RSpec.describe Upload do
let(:upload) { build(:upload) }
let(:user_id) { 1 }
let(:image_filename) { "logo.png" }
let(:image) { file_from_fixtures(image_filename) }
let(:image_svg_filename) { "image.svg" }
let(:image_svg) { file_from_fixtures(image_svg_filename) }
let(:huge_image_filename) { "huge.jpg" }
let(:huge_image) { file_from_fixtures(huge_image_filename) }
let(:attachment_path) { __FILE__ }
let(:attachment) { File.new(attachment_path) }
describe ".with_no_non_post_relations" do
it "does not find non-post related uploads" do
post_upload = Fabricate(:upload)
post = Fabricate(:post, raw: "<img src='#{post_upload.url}'>")
post.link_post_uploads
badge_upload = Fabricate(:upload)
Fabricate(:badge, image_upload: badge_upload)
avatar_upload = Fabricate(:upload)
Fabricate(:user, uploaded_avatar: avatar_upload)
site_setting_upload = Fabricate(:upload)
SiteSetting.create!(
name: "logo",
data_type: SiteSettings::TypeSupervisor.types[:upload],
value: site_setting_upload.id,
)
upload_ids = Upload.by_users.with_no_non_post_relations.pluck(:id)
expect(upload_ids).to eq([post_upload.id])
end
end
describe ".create_thumbnail!" do
it "does not create a thumbnail when disabled" do
SiteSetting.create_thumbnails = false
OptimizedImage.expects(:create_for).never
upload.create_thumbnail!(100, 100)
end
it "creates a thumbnail" do
upload = Fabricate(:upload)
thumbnail = Fabricate(:optimized_image, upload: upload)
SiteSetting.expects(:create_thumbnails?).returns(true)
OptimizedImage.expects(:create_for).returns(thumbnail)
upload.create_thumbnail!(100, 100)
upload.reload
expect(upload.optimized_images.count).to eq(1)
end
end
it "supports <style> element in SVG" do
SiteSetting.authorized_extensions = "svg"
upload = UploadCreator.new(image_svg, image_svg_filename).create_for(user_id)
expect(upload.valid?).to eq(true)
path = Discourse.store.path_for(upload)
expect(File.read(path)).to match(/<style>/)
end
it "can reconstruct dimensions on demand" do
upload = UploadCreator.new(huge_image, "image.png").create_for(user_id)
upload.update_columns(width: nil, height: nil, thumbnail_width: nil, thumbnail_height: nil)
upload = Upload.find(upload.id)
expect(upload.width).to eq(8900)
expect(upload.height).to eq(8900)
upload.reload
expect(upload.read_attribute(:width)).to eq(8900)
upload.update_columns(width: nil, height: nil, thumbnail_width: nil, thumbnail_height: nil)
expect(upload.thumbnail_width).to eq(500)
expect(upload.thumbnail_height).to eq(500)
end
it "dimension calculation returns nil on missing image" do
upload = UploadCreator.new(huge_image, "image.png").create_for(user_id)
upload.update_columns(width: nil, height: nil, thumbnail_width: nil, thumbnail_height: nil)
missing_url = "wrong_folder#{upload.url}"
upload.update_columns(url: missing_url)
expect(upload.thumbnail_height).to eq(nil)
expect(upload.thumbnail_width).to eq(nil)
end
it "returns error when image resolution is to big" do
SiteSetting.max_image_megapixels = 10
upload = UploadCreator.new(huge_image, "image.png").create_for(user_id)
expect(upload.persisted?).to eq(false)
expect(upload.errors.messages[:base].first).to eq(
I18n.t("upload.images.larger_than_x_megapixels", max_image_megapixels: 20),
)
end
it "extracts file extension" do
created_upload = UploadCreator.new(image, image_filename).create_for(user_id)
expect(created_upload.extension).to eq("png")
end
it "should create an invalid upload when the filename is blank" do
SiteSetting.authorized_extensions = "*"
created_upload = UploadCreator.new(attachment, nil).create_for(user_id)
expect(created_upload.valid?).to eq(false)
end
describe ".extract_url" do
let(:url) { "https://example.com/uploads/default/original/1X/d1c2d40ab994e8410c.png" }
it "should return the right part of url" do
expect(Upload.extract_url(url).to_s).to eq("/original/1X/d1c2d40ab994e8410c.png")
end
end
describe ".get_from_url" do
let(:sha1) { "10f73034616a796dfd70177dc54b6def44c4ba6f" }
let(:upload) { Fabricate(:upload, sha1: sha1) }
it "works when the file has been uploaded" do
expect(Upload.get_from_url(upload.url)).to eq(upload)
end
describe "for an extensionless url" do
before do
upload.update!(url: upload.url.sub(".png", ""))
upload.reload
end
it "should return the right upload" do
expect(Upload.get_from_url(upload.url)).to eq(upload)
end
end
it "should return the right upload as long as the upload's URL matches" do
upload.update!(url: "/uploads/default/12345/971308e535305c51.png")
expect(Upload.get_from_url(upload.url)).to eq(upload)
expect(Upload.get_from_url("/uploads/default/123131/971308e535305c51.png")).to eq(nil)
end
describe "for a url a tree" do
before do
upload.update!(
url:
Discourse.store.get_path_for("original", 16_001, upload.sha1, ".#{upload.extension}"),
)
end
it "should return the right upload" do
expect(Upload.get_from_url(upload.url)).to eq(upload)
end
end
it "works when using a cdn" do
begin
original_asset_host = Rails.configuration.action_controller.asset_host
Rails.configuration.action_controller.asset_host = "http://my.cdn.com"
expect(Upload.get_from_url(URI.join("http://my.cdn.com", upload.url).to_s)).to eq(upload)
ensure
Rails.configuration.action_controller.asset_host = original_asset_host
end
end
it "should return the right upload when using the full URL" do
expect(
Upload.get_from_url(URI.join("http://discourse.some.com:3000/", upload.url).to_s),
).to eq(upload)
end
it "doesn't blow up with an invalid URI" do
expect { Upload.get_from_url("http://ip:port/index.html") }.not_to raise_error
expect { Upload.get_from_url("mailto:admin%40example.com") }.not_to raise_error
expect { Upload.get_from_url("mailto:example") }.not_to raise_error
end
describe "s3 store" do
let(:upload) { Fabricate(:upload_s3) }
let(:path) { upload.url.sub(SiteSetting.Upload.s3_base_url, "") }
before { setup_s3 }
it "can download an s3 upload" do
stub_request(:get, upload.url).to_return(status: 200, body: "hello", headers: {})
expect(upload.content).to eq("hello")
end
it "should return the right upload when using base url (not CDN) for s3" do
upload
expect(Upload.get_from_url(upload.url)).to eq(upload)
end
describe "when using a cdn" do
let(:s3_cdn_url) { "https://mycdn.slowly.net" }
before { SiteSetting.s3_cdn_url = s3_cdn_url }
it "should return the right upload" do
upload
expect(Upload.get_from_url(URI.join(s3_cdn_url, path).to_s)).to eq(upload)
end
describe "when upload bucket contains subfolder" do
before { SiteSetting.s3_upload_bucket = "s3-upload-bucket/path/path2" }
it "should return the right upload" do
upload
expect(Upload.get_from_url(URI.join(s3_cdn_url, path).to_s)).to eq(upload)
end
end
end
it "should return the right upload when using one CDN for both s3 and assets" do
begin
original_asset_host = Rails.configuration.action_controller.asset_host
cdn_url = "http://my.cdn.com"
Rails.configuration.action_controller.asset_host = cdn_url
SiteSetting.s3_cdn_url = cdn_url
upload
expect(Upload.get_from_url(URI.join(cdn_url, path).to_s)).to eq(upload)
ensure
Rails.configuration.action_controller.asset_host = original_asset_host
end
end
end
end
describe ".get_from_urls" do
let(:upload) { Fabricate(:upload, sha1: "10f73034616a796dfd70177dc54b6def44c4ba6f") }
let(:upload2) { Fabricate(:upload, sha1: "2a7081e615f9075befd87a9a6d273935c0262cd5") }
it "works with multiple uploads" do
expect(Upload.get_from_urls([upload.url, upload2.url])).to contain_exactly(upload, upload2)
end
it "works for an extensionless URL" do
url = upload.url.sub(".png", "")
upload.update!(url: url)
expect(Upload.get_from_urls([url])).to contain_exactly(upload)
end
it "works with uploads with mismatched URLs" do
upload.update!(url: "/uploads/default/12345/971308e535305c51.png")
expect(Upload.get_from_urls([upload.url])).to contain_exactly(upload)
expect(Upload.get_from_urls(["/uploads/default/123131/971308e535305c51.png"])).to be_empty
end
it "works with an upload with a URL containing a deep tree" do
upload.update!(
url: Discourse.store.get_path_for("original", 16_001, upload.sha1, ".#{upload.extension}"),
)
expect(Upload.get_from_urls([upload.url])).to contain_exactly(upload)
end
it "works when using a CDN" do
begin
original_asset_host = Rails.configuration.action_controller.asset_host
Rails.configuration.action_controller.asset_host = "http://my.cdn.com"
expect(
Upload.get_from_urls([URI.join("http://my.cdn.com", upload.url).to_s]),
).to contain_exactly(upload)
ensure
Rails.configuration.action_controller.asset_host = original_asset_host
end
end
it "works with full URLs" do
expect(
Upload.get_from_urls([URI.join("http://discourse.some.com:3000/", upload.url).to_s]),
).to contain_exactly(upload)
end
it "handles invalid URIs" do
urls = %w[http://ip:port/index.html mailto:admin%40example.com mailto:example]
expect { Upload.get_from_urls(urls) }.not_to raise_error
end
end
describe ".generate_digest" do
it "should return the right digest" do
expect(Upload.generate_digest(image.path)).to eq("bc975735dfc6409c1c2aa5ebf2239949bcbdbd65")
end
end
describe ".short_url" do
it "should generate a correct short url" do
upload = Upload.new(sha1: "bda2c513e1da04f7b4e99230851ea2aafeb8cc4e", extension: "png")
expect(upload.short_url).to eq("upload://r3AYqESanERjladb4vBB7VsMBm6.png")
upload.extension = nil
expect(upload.short_url).to eq("upload://r3AYqESanERjladb4vBB7VsMBm6")
end
end
describe ".sha1_from_short_url" do
it "should be able to look up sha1" do
sha1 = "bda2c513e1da04f7b4e99230851ea2aafeb8cc4e"
expect(Upload.sha1_from_short_url("upload://r3AYqESanERjladb4vBB7VsMBm6.png")).to eq(sha1)
expect(Upload.sha1_from_short_url("upload://r3AYqESanERjladb4vBB7VsMBm6")).to eq(sha1)
expect(Upload.sha1_from_short_url("r3AYqESanERjladb4vBB7VsMBm6")).to eq(sha1)
end
it "should be able to look up sha1 even with leading zeros" do
sha1 = "0000c513e1da04f7b4e99230851ea2aafeb8cc4e"
expect(Upload.sha1_from_short_url("upload://1Eg9p8rrCURq4T3a6iJUk0ri6.png")).to eq(sha1)
end
end
describe "#base62_sha1" do
it "should return the right value" do
upload.update!(sha1: "0000c513e1da04f7b4e99230851ea2aafeb8cc4e")
expect(upload.base62_sha1).to eq("1Eg9p8rrCURq4T3a6iJUk0ri6")
end
end
describe ".sha1_from_short_path" do
it "should be able to lookup sha1" do
path = "/uploads/short-url/3UjQ4jHoyeoQndk5y3qHzm3QVTQ.png"
sha1 = "1b6453892473a467d07372d45eb05abc2031647a"
expect(Upload.sha1_from_short_path(path)).to eq(sha1)
expect(Upload.sha1_from_short_path(path.sub(".png", ""))).to eq(sha1)
end
end
describe "#to_s" do
it "should return the right value" do
expect(upload.to_s).to eq(upload.url)
end
end
describe ".migrate_to_new_scheme" do
it "should not migrate system uploads" do
SiteSetting.migrate_to_new_scheme = true
expect { Upload.migrate_to_new_scheme }.to_not change { Upload.pluck(:url) }
end
end
describe ".update_secure_status" do
it "respects the override parameter if provided" do
upload.update!(secure: true)
upload.update_secure_status(override: true)
expect(upload.secure).to eq(true)
upload.update_secure_status(override: false)
expect(upload.secure).to eq(false)
end
it "marks a local upload as not secure with default settings" do
upload.update!(secure: true)
expect { upload.update_secure_status }.to change { upload.secure }
expect(upload.secure).to eq(false)
end
context "with local attachment" do
before { SiteSetting.authorized_extensions = "pdf" }
let(:upload) do
Fabricate(:upload, original_filename: "small.pdf", extension: "pdf", secure: true)
end
it "marks a local attachment as secure if secure uploads enabled" do
upload.update!(secure: false, access_control_post: Fabricate(:private_message_post))
enable_secure_uploads
expect { upload.update_secure_status }.to change { upload.secure }
expect(upload.secure).to eq(true)
end
it "marks a local attachment as not secure if secure uploads enabled" do
expect { upload.update_secure_status }.to change { upload.secure }
expect(upload.secure).to eq(false)
end
end
it "does not change secure status of a non-attachment when prevent_anons_from_downloading_files is enabled by itself" do
SiteSetting.prevent_anons_from_downloading_files = true
SiteSetting.authorized_extensions = "mp4"
upload.update!(original_filename: "small.mp4", extension: "mp4")
expect { upload.update_secure_status }.not_to change { upload.secure }
expect(upload.secure).to eq(false)
end
context "with secure uploads enabled" do
before { enable_secure_uploads }
it "does not mark an image upload as not secure when there is no access control post id, to avoid unintentional exposure" do
upload.update!(secure: true)
upload.update_secure_status
expect(upload.secure).to eq(true)
end
it "marks the upload as not secure if its access control post is a public post" do
upload.update!(secure: true, access_control_post: Fabricate(:post))
upload.update_secure_status
expect(upload.secure).to eq(false)
end
it "leaves the upload as secure if its access control post is a PM post" do
upload.update!(secure: true, access_control_post: Fabricate(:private_message_post))
upload.update_secure_status
expect(upload.secure).to eq(true)
end
it "marks an image upload as secure if login_required is enabled" do
SiteSetting.login_required = true
upload.update!(secure: false)
expect { upload.update_secure_status }.to change { upload.secure }
expect(upload.reload.secure).to eq(true)
end
it "does not mark an upload used for a custom emoji as secure" do
SiteSetting.login_required = true
upload.update!(secure: false)
CustomEmoji.create(name: "meme", upload: upload)
upload.update_secure_status
expect(upload.reload.secure).to eq(false)
end
it "does not mark an upload whose origin matches a regular emoji as secure (sometimes emojis are downloaded in pull_hotlinked_images)" do
SiteSetting.login_required = true
falafel =
Emoji.all.find do |e|
e.url == "/images/emoji/twitter/falafel.png?v=#{Emoji::EMOJI_VERSION}"
end
upload.update!(secure: false, origin: "http://localhost:3000#{falafel.url}")
upload.update_secure_status
expect(upload.reload.secure).to eq(false)
end
it "does not mark any upload with origin containing images/emoji in the URL" do
SiteSetting.login_required = true
upload.update!(secure: false, origin: "http://localhost:3000/images/emoji/test.png")
upload.update_secure_status
expect(upload.reload.secure).to eq(false)
end
it "does not throw an error if the object storage provider does not support ACLs" do
FileStore::S3Store
.any_instance
.stubs(:update_upload_ACL)
.raises(
Aws::S3::Errors::NotImplemented.new(
"A header you provided implies functionality that is not implemented",
"",
),
)
upload.update!(secure: true, access_control_post: Fabricate(:private_message_post))
expect { upload.update_secure_status }.not_to raise_error
end
it "succeeds even if the extension of the upload is not authorized" do
upload.update!(secure: false, access_control_post: Fabricate(:private_message_post))
SiteSetting.login_required = true
SiteSetting.authorized_extensions = ""
upload.update_secure_status
upload.reload
expect(upload.secure).to eq(true)
end
it "respects the authorized extensions when creating a new upload, no matter its secure status" do
SiteSetting.login_required = true
SiteSetting.authorized_extensions = ""
expect do
upl =
Fabricate(
:upload,
access_control_post: Fabricate(:private_message_post),
security_last_changed_at: Time.zone.now,
security_last_changed_reason: "test",
secure: true,
)
end.to raise_error(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid)
end
end
end
describe ".extract_upload_ids" do
let(:upload) { Fabricate(:upload) }
it "works with short URLs" do
ids = Upload.extract_upload_ids("This URL #{upload.short_url} is an upload")
expect(ids).to contain_exactly(upload.id)
end
it "works with SHA1s" do
ids = Upload.extract_upload_ids("This URL /#{upload.sha1} is an upload")
expect(ids).to contain_exactly(upload.id)
end
it "works with Base62 hashes" do
ids = Upload.extract_upload_ids("This URL /#{Upload.base62_sha1(upload.sha1)} is an upload")
expect(ids).to contain_exactly(upload.id)
end
it "works with shorter base62 hashes (when sha1 has leading 0s)" do
upload.update(sha1: "0000c513e1da04f7b4e99230851ea2aafeb8cc4e")
base62 = Upload.base62_sha1(upload.sha1).delete_prefix("0")
ids = Upload.extract_upload_ids("This URL /#{base62} is an upload")
expect(ids).to contain_exactly(upload.id)
end
end
def enable_secure_uploads
setup_s3
SiteSetting.secure_uploads = true
stub_upload(upload)
end
describe ".destroy" do
it "can correctly clear information when destroying an upload" do
upload = Fabricate(:upload)
user = Fabricate(:user)
user.user_profile.update!(
card_background_upload_id: upload.id,
profile_background_upload_id: upload.id,
)
upload.destroy
user.user_profile.reload
expect(user.user_profile.card_background_upload_id).to eq(nil)
expect(user.user_profile.profile_background_upload_id).to eq(nil)
end
end
describe ".secure_uploads_url_from_upload_url" do
before do
# must be done so signed_url_for_path exists
enable_secure_uploads
end
it "gets the secure uploads url from an S3 upload url" do
upload = Fabricate(:upload_s3, secure: true)
url = upload.url
secure_url = Upload.secure_uploads_url_from_upload_url(url)
expect(secure_url).not_to include(SiteSetting.Upload.absolute_base_url)
end
end
describe ".secure_uploads_url?" do
it "works for a secure uploads url with or without schema + host" do
url =
"//localhost:3000/secure-uploads/original/2X/f/f62055931bb702c7fd8f552fb901f977e0289a18.png"
expect(Upload.secure_uploads_url?(url)).to eq(true)
url = "/secure-uploads/original/2X/f/f62055931bb702c7fd8f552fb901f977e0289a18.png"
expect(Upload.secure_uploads_url?(url)).to eq(true)
url =
"http://localhost:3000/secure-uploads/original/2X/f/f62055931bb702c7fd8f552fb901f977e0289a18.png"
expect(Upload.secure_uploads_url?(url)).to eq(true)
end
it "does not get false positives on a topic url" do
url = "/t/secure-uploads-are-cool/42839"
expect(Upload.secure_uploads_url?(url)).to eq(false)
end
it "returns true only for secure uploads URL for actual media (images/video/audio)" do
url = "/secure-uploads/original/2X/f/f62055931bb702c7fd8f552fb901f977e0289a18.mp4"
expect(Upload.secure_uploads_url?(url)).to eq(true)
url = "/secure-uploads/original/2X/f/f62055931bb702c7fd8f552fb901f977e0289a18.png"
expect(Upload.secure_uploads_url?(url)).to eq(true)
url = "/secure-uploads/original/2X/f/f62055931bb702c7fd8f552fb901f977e0289a18.mp3"
expect(Upload.secure_uploads_url?(url)).to eq(true)
url = "/secure-uploads/original/2X/f/f62055931bb702c7fd8f552fb901f977e0289a18.pdf"
expect(Upload.secure_uploads_url?(url)).to eq(false)
end
it "does not work for regular upload urls" do
url = "/uploads/default/test_0/original/1X/e1864389d8252958586c76d747b069e9f68827e3.png"
expect(Upload.secure_uploads_url?(url)).to eq(false)
end
it "does not raise for invalid URLs" do
url = "http://URL:%20https://google.com"
expect(Upload.secure_uploads_url?(url)).to eq(false)
end
end
describe "#dominant_color" do
let(:white_image) { Fabricate(:image_upload, color: "white") }
let(:red_image) { Fabricate(:image_upload, color: "red") }
let(:high_color_image) { Fabricate(:image_upload, color: "#000A00F00", color_depth: 16) }
let(:not_an_image) do
upload = Fabricate(:upload)
file = Tempfile.new(%w[invalid .txt])
file << "Not really an image"
file.rewind
upload.update(url: Discourse.store.store_upload(file, upload), extension: "txt")
upload
end
let(:invalid_image) do
upload = Fabricate(:upload)
file = Tempfile.new(%w[invalid .png])
file << "Not really an image"
file.rewind
upload.update(url: Discourse.store.store_upload(file, upload))
upload
end
it "correctly identifies and stores an image's dominant color" do
expect(white_image.dominant_color).to eq(nil)
expect(white_image.dominant_color(calculate_if_missing: true)).to eq("FFFFFF")
expect(white_image.dominant_color).to eq("FFFFFF")
expect(red_image.dominant_color).to eq(nil)
expect(red_image.dominant_color(calculate_if_missing: true)).to eq("FF0000")
expect(red_image.dominant_color).to eq("FF0000")
expect(high_color_image.dominant_color).to eq(nil)
# original is: #000A00F00
# downsamples to: #009FEF
# A00 is closer to 9F than A0
# EF is closer to F00 than F0
expect(high_color_image.dominant_color(calculate_if_missing: true)).to eq("009FEF")
expect(high_color_image.dominant_color).to eq("009FEF")
end
it "can be backfilled" do
expect(white_image.dominant_color).to eq(nil)
expect(red_image.dominant_color).to eq(nil)
Upload.backfill_dominant_colors!(5)
white_image.reload
red_image.reload
expect(white_image.dominant_color).to eq("FFFFFF")
expect(red_image.dominant_color).to eq("FF0000")
end
it "is backfilled by the job" do
expect(white_image.dominant_color).to eq(nil)
expect(red_image.dominant_color).to eq(nil)
Jobs::BackfillDominantColors.new.execute({})
white_image.reload
red_image.reload
expect(white_image.dominant_color).to eq("FFFFFF")
expect(red_image.dominant_color).to eq("FF0000")
end
it "stores an empty string for non-image uploads" do
expect(not_an_image.dominant_color).to eq(nil)
expect(not_an_image.dominant_color(calculate_if_missing: true)).to eq("")
expect(not_an_image.dominant_color).to eq("")
end
it "correctly handles invalid image files" do
expect(invalid_image.dominant_color).to eq(nil)
expect(invalid_image.dominant_color(calculate_if_missing: true)).to eq("")
expect(invalid_image.dominant_color).to eq("")
end
it "correctly handles unparsable ImageMagick output" do
Discourse::Utils.stubs(:execute_command).returns("someinvalidoutput")
expect(invalid_image.dominant_color).to eq(nil)
expect { invalid_image.dominant_color(calculate_if_missing: true) }.to raise_error(
/Calculated dominant color but unable to parse output/,
)
expect(invalid_image.dominant_color).to eq(nil)
end
it "correctly handles error when file is too large to download" do
white_image.stubs(:local?).returns(false)
FileStore::LocalStore.any_instance.stubs(:download).returns(nil).once
expect(white_image.dominant_color).to eq(nil)
expect(white_image.dominant_color(calculate_if_missing: true)).to eq("")
expect(white_image.dominant_color).to eq("")
end
it "correctly handles error when file has HTTP error" do
white_image.stubs(:local?).returns(false)
FileStore::LocalStore
.any_instance
.stubs(:download)
.raises(OpenURI::HTTPError.new("Error", nil))
.once
expect(white_image.dominant_color).to eq(nil)
expect(white_image.dominant_color(calculate_if_missing: true)).to eq("")
expect(white_image.dominant_color).to eq("")
end
it "is validated for length" do
u = Fabricate(:upload)
# Acceptable values
u.update!(dominant_color: nil)
u.update!(dominant_color: "")
u.update!(dominant_color: "abcdef")
expect { u.update!(dominant_color: "toomanycharacters") }.to raise_error(
ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid,
)
expect { u.update!(dominant_color: "abcd") }.to raise_error(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid)
end
end
end