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docs: Add more specific guidance on locale variables

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Fabian Boehm 2022-06-17 21:59:10 +02:00
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doc_src/language.rst
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@ -1475,23 +1475,33 @@ So if both ``cat`` and ``grep`` succeeded, ``$status`` would be 1 because of the
Locale Variables
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The "locale" of a program is its set of language and regional settings that depend on language and cultural convention. In UNIX, these are made up of several categories. For example, :envvar:`LC_CTYPE` defines character classification and case conversion, while :envvar:`LC_TIME` defines the time formats.
The "locale" of a program is its set of language and regional settings that depend on language and cultural convention. In UNIX, these are made up of several categories. The categories are:
.. envvar:: LANG
This is the typical environment variable for specifying a locale. A user may set this variable to express the language they speak, their region, and a character encoding. The actual values are specific to their platform, except for special values like ``C`` or ``POSIX``.
The value of LANG is used for each category unless the variable for that category was set or LC_ALL is set. So typically you only need to set LANG.
An example value might be ``en_US.UTF-8`` for the american version of english and the UTF-8 encoding, or ``de_AT.UTF-8`` for the austrian version of german and the UTF-8 encoding.
Your operating system might have a ``locale`` command that you can call as ``locale -a`` to see a list of defined locales.
A UTF-8 encoding is recommended.
.. envvar:: LC_ALL
Overrides the :envvar:`LANG` environment variable and the values of the other ``LC_*`` variables.
Overrides the :envvar:`LANG` environment variable and the values of the other ``LC_*`` variables. If this is set, none of the other variables are used for anything.
Usually the other variables should be used instead. Use LC_ALL only when you need to override something.
.. envvar:: LC_COLLATE
Specifies the locale to use for the ``LC_COLATE`` category. This determines the rules about equivilance of cases and alphabetical ordering: collation.
This determines the rules about equivalence of cases and alphabetical ordering: collation.
.. envvar:: LC_CTYPE
Specifies the locale to use for the ``LC_CTYPE`` category, which determines classification rules, like if the type of character is an alpha, digit, and so on.
This determines classification rules, like if the type of character is an alpha, digit, and so on.
Most importantly, it defines the text *encoding* - which numbers map to which characters. On modern systems, this should typically be something ending in "UTF-8".
.. envvar:: LC_MESSAGES