mirror of
https://github.com/fish-shell/fish-shell.git
synced 2024-12-23 00:43:39 +08:00
179 lines
7.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
179 lines
7.2 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. highlight:: fish-docs-samples
|
|
.. _intro:
|
|
|
|
Introduction
|
|
************
|
|
|
|
This is the documentation for :command:`fish`, the **f**\ riendly **i**\ nteractive **sh**\ ell.
|
|
|
|
A shell is a program that helps you operate your computer by starting other programs. fish offers a command-line interface focused on usability and interactive use.
|
|
|
|
Some of the special features of fish are:
|
|
|
|
- **Extensive UI**: :ref:`Syntax highlighting <color>`, :ref:`autosuggestions`, :ref:`tab completion <tab-completion>` and selection lists that can be navigated and filtered.
|
|
|
|
- **No configuration needed**: fish is designed to be ready to use immediately, without requiring extensive configuration.
|
|
|
|
- **Easy scripting**: New :ref:`functions <syntax-function>` can be added on the fly. The syntax is easy to learn and use.
|
|
|
|
This page explains how to install and set up fish and where to get more information.
|
|
|
|
Where to go?
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
If this is your first time using fish, see the :ref:`tutorial <tutorial>`.
|
|
|
|
If you are already familiar with other shells like bash and want to see the scripting differences, see :ref:`Fish For Bash Users <fish_for_bash_users>`.
|
|
|
|
For an overview of fish's scripting language, see :ref:`The Fish Language <language>`. If it would be useful in a script file, it's here.
|
|
|
|
For information on using fish interactively, see :ref:`Interactive use <interactive>`. If it's about key presses, syntax highlighting or anything else that needs an interactive terminal session, look here.
|
|
|
|
If you need to install fish first, read on, the rest of this document will tell you how to get, install and configure fish.
|
|
|
|
Installation
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
This section describes how to install, uninstall, start, and exit :command:`fish`. It also explains how to make fish the default shell.
|
|
|
|
Installation
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
Up-to-date instructions for installing the latest version of fish are on the `fish homepage <https://fishshell.com/>`_.
|
|
|
|
To install the development version of fish, see the instructions on the `project's GitHub page <https://github.com/fish-shell/fish-shell>`_.
|
|
|
|
Starting and Exiting
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
Once fish has been installed, open a terminal. If fish is not the default shell:
|
|
|
|
- Type :command:`fish` to start a shell::
|
|
|
|
> fish
|
|
|
|
- Type :command:`exit` to end the session::
|
|
|
|
> exit
|
|
|
|
.. _default-shell:
|
|
|
|
Default Shell
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
There are multiple ways to switch to fish (or any other shell) as your default.
|
|
|
|
The simplest method is to set your terminal emulator (eg GNOME Terminal, Apple's Terminal.app, or Konsole) to start fish directly. See its configuration and set the program to start to ``/usr/local/bin/fish`` (if that's where fish is installed - substitute another location as appropriate).
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, you can set fish as your login shell so that it will be started by all terminal logins, including SSH.
|
|
|
|
.. warning::
|
|
|
|
Setting fish as your login shell may cause issues, such as an incorrect :envvar:`PATH`. Some operating systems, including a number of Linux distributions, require the login shell to be Bourne-compatible and to read configuration from ``/etc/profile``. fish may not be suitable as a login shell on these systems.
|
|
|
|
To change your login shell to fish:
|
|
|
|
1. Add the shell to ``/etc/shells`` with::
|
|
|
|
> echo /usr/local/bin/fish | sudo tee -a /etc/shells
|
|
|
|
2. Change your default shell with::
|
|
|
|
> chsh -s /usr/local/bin/fish
|
|
|
|
Again, substitute the path to fish for ``/usr/local/bin/fish`` - see ``command -s fish`` inside fish. To change it back to another shell, just substitute ``/usr/local/bin/fish`` with ``/bin/bash``, ``/bin/tcsh`` or ``/bin/zsh`` as appropriate in the steps above.
|
|
|
|
Uninstalling
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
For uninstalling fish: see :ref:`FAQ: Uninstalling fish <faq-uninstalling>`.
|
|
|
|
Shebang Line
|
|
------------
|
|
|
|
Because shell scripts are written in many different languages, they need to carry information about which interpreter should be used to execute them. For this, they are expected to have a first line, the shebang line, which names the interpreter executable.
|
|
|
|
A script written in :command:`bash` would need a first line like this:
|
|
::
|
|
|
|
#!/bin/bash
|
|
|
|
When the shell tells the kernel to execute the file, it will use the interpreter ``/bin/bash``.
|
|
|
|
For a script written in another language, just replace ``/bin/bash`` with the interpreter for that language. For example: ``/usr/bin/python`` for a python script, or ``/usr/local/bin/fish`` for a fish script, if that is where you have them installed.
|
|
|
|
If you want to share your script with others, you might want to use :command:`env` to allow for the interpreter to be installed in other locations. For example::
|
|
|
|
#!/usr/bin/env fish
|
|
echo Hello from fish $version
|
|
|
|
This will call ``env``, which then goes through :envvar:`PATH` to find a program called "fish". This makes it work, whether fish is installed in (for example) ``/usr/local/bin/fish``, ``/usr/bin/fish``, or ``~/.local/bin/fish``, as long as that directory is in :envvar:`PATH`.
|
|
|
|
The shebang line is only used when scripts are executed without specifying the interpreter. For functions inside fish or when executing a script with ``fish /path/to/script``, a shebang is not required (but it doesn't hurt!).
|
|
|
|
When executing files without an interpreter, fish, like other shells, tries your system shell, typically ``/bin/sh``. This is needed because some scripts are shipped without a shebang line.
|
|
|
|
Configuration
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
To store configuration write it to a file called ``~/.config/fish/config.fish``.
|
|
|
|
``.fish`` scripts in ``~/.config/fish/conf.d/`` are also automatically executed before ``config.fish``.
|
|
|
|
These files are read on the startup of every shell, whether interactive and/or if they're login shells. Use ``status --is-interactive`` and ``status --is-login`` to do things only in interactive/login shells, respectively.
|
|
|
|
This is the short version; for a full explanation, like for sysadmins or integration for developers of other software, see :ref:`Configuration files <configuration>`.
|
|
|
|
If you want to see what you changed over fish's defaults, see :doc:`fish_delta <cmds/fish_delta>`.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
---------
|
|
|
|
To add ``~/linux/bin`` to PATH variable when using a login shell, add this to ``~/.config/fish/config.fish`` file::
|
|
|
|
if status --is-login
|
|
set -gx PATH $PATH ~/linux/bin
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
This is just an example; using :doc:`fish_add_path <cmds/fish_add_path>` e.g. ``fish_add_path ~/linux/bin`` which only adds the path if it isn't included yet is easier.
|
|
|
|
To run commands on exit, use an :ref:`event handler <event>` that is triggered by the exit of the shell::
|
|
|
|
function on_exit --on-event fish_exit
|
|
echo fish is now exiting
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
.. _more-help:
|
|
|
|
Resources
|
|
=========
|
|
|
|
- The `GitHub page <https://github.com/fish-shell/fish-shell/>`_
|
|
|
|
- The official `Gitter channel <https://gitter.im/fish-shell/fish-shell>`_
|
|
|
|
- The official mailing list at `fish-users@lists.sourceforge.net <https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/fish-users>`_
|
|
|
|
If you have an improvement for fish, you can submit it via the GitHub page.
|
|
|
|
.. _other_pages:
|
|
|
|
Other help pages
|
|
================
|
|
.. toctree::
|
|
:maxdepth: 1
|
|
|
|
self
|
|
faq
|
|
interactive
|
|
language
|
|
commands
|
|
fish_for_bash_users
|
|
tutorial
|
|
completions
|
|
prompt
|
|
design
|
|
relnotes
|
|
contributing
|
|
license
|