dropbox: factor batcher into lib/batcher

backend/dropbox/batcher.go

@@ -8,121 +8,19 @@ package dropbox
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/v6/dropbox/files"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fserrors"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/atexit"
 )
 
-const (
-	maxBatchSize          = 1000                   // max size the batch can be
-	defaultTimeoutSync    = 500 * time.Millisecond // kick off the batch if nothing added for this long (sync)
-	defaultTimeoutAsync   = 10 * time.Second       // kick off the batch if nothing added for this long (ssync)
-	defaultBatchSizeAsync = 100                    // default batch size if async
-)
-
-// batcher holds info about the current items waiting for upload
-type batcher struct {
-	f        *Fs                 // Fs this batch is part of
-	mode     string              // configured batch mode
-	size     int                 // maximum size for batch
-	timeout  time.Duration       // idle timeout for batch
-	async    bool                // whether we are using async batching
-	in       chan batcherRequest // incoming items to batch
-	closed   chan struct{}       // close to indicate batcher shut down
-	atexit   atexit.FnHandle     // atexit handle
-	shutOnce sync.Once           // make sure we shutdown once only
-	wg       sync.WaitGroup      // wait for shutdown
-}
-
-// batcherRequest holds an incoming request with a place for a reply
-type batcherRequest struct {
-	commitInfo *files.UploadSessionFinishArg
-	result     chan<- batcherResponse
-}
-
-// Return true if batcherRequest is the quit request
-func (br *batcherRequest) isQuit() bool {
-	return br.commitInfo == nil
-}
-
-// Send this to get the engine to quit
-var quitRequest = batcherRequest{}
-
-// batcherResponse holds a response to be delivered to clients waiting
-// for a batch to complete.
-type batcherResponse struct {
-	err   error
-	entry *files.FileMetadata
-}
-
-// newBatcher creates a new batcher structure
-func newBatcher(ctx context.Context, f *Fs, mode string, size int, timeout time.Duration) (*batcher, error) {
-	// fs.Debugf(f, "Creating batcher with mode %q, size %d, timeout %v", mode, size, timeout)
-	if size > maxBatchSize || size < 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dropbox: batch size must be < %d and >= 0 - it is currently %d", maxBatchSize, size)
-	}
-
-	async := false
-
-	switch mode {
-	case "sync":
-		if size <= 0 {
-			ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)
-			size = ci.Transfers
-		}
-		if timeout <= 0 {
-			timeout = defaultTimeoutSync
-		}
-	case "async":
-		if size <= 0 {
-			size = defaultBatchSizeAsync
-		}
-		if timeout <= 0 {
-			timeout = defaultTimeoutAsync
-		}
-		async = true
-	case "off":
-		size = 0
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dropbox: batch mode must be sync|async|off not %q", mode)
-	}
-
-	b := &batcher{
-		f:       f,
-		mode:    mode,
-		size:    size,
-		timeout: timeout,
-		async:   async,
-		in:      make(chan batcherRequest, size),
-		closed:  make(chan struct{}),
-	}
-	if b.Batching() {
-		b.atexit = atexit.Register(b.Shutdown)
-		b.wg.Add(1)
-		go b.commitLoop(context.Background())
-	}
-	return b, nil
-
-}
-
-// Batching returns true if batching is active
-func (b *batcher) Batching() bool {
-	return b.size > 0
-}
-
 // finishBatch commits the batch, returning a batch status to poll or maybe complete
-func (b *batcher) finishBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionFinishArg) (complete *files.UploadSessionFinishBatchResult, err error) {
+func (f *Fs) finishBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionFinishArg) (complete *files.UploadSessionFinishBatchResult, err error) {
 	var arg = &files.UploadSessionFinishBatchArg{
 		Entries: items,
 	}
-	err = b.f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		complete, err = b.f.srv.UploadSessionFinishBatchV2(arg)
+		complete, err = f.srv.UploadSessionFinishBatchV2(arg)
 		// If error is insufficient space then don't retry
 		if e, ok := err.(files.UploadSessionFinishAPIError); ok {
 			if e.EndpointError != nil && e.EndpointError.Path != nil && e.EndpointError.Path.Tag == files.WriteErrorInsufficientSpace {
@@ -139,23 +37,10 @@ func (b *batcher) finishBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionF
 	return complete, nil
 }
 
-// commit a batch
+// Called by the batcher to commit a batch
-func (b *batcher) commitBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionFinishArg, results []chan<- batcherResponse) (err error) {
+func (f *Fs) commitBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionFinishArg, results []*files.FileMetadata, errors []error) (err error) {
-	// If commit fails then signal clients if sync
-	var signalled = b.async
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil && !signalled {
-			// Signal to clients that there was an error
-			for _, result := range results {
-				result <- batcherResponse{err: err}
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-	desc := fmt.Sprintf("%s batch length %d starting with: %s", b.mode, len(items), items[0].Commit.Path)
-	fs.Debugf(b.f, "Committing %s", desc)
-
 	// finalise the batch getting either a result or a job id to poll
-	complete, err := b.finishBatch(ctx, items)
+	complete, err := f.finishBatch(ctx, items)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -166,19 +51,13 @@ func (b *batcher) commitBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionF
 		return fmt.Errorf("expecting %d items in batch but got %d", len(results), len(entries))
 	}
 
-	// Report results to clients
+	// Format results for return
-	var (
-		errorTag   = ""
-		errorCount = 0
-	)
 	for i := range results {
 		item := entries[i]
-		resp := batcherResponse{}
 		if item.Tag == "success" {
-			resp.entry = item.Success
+			results[i] = item.Success
 		} else {
-			errorCount++
+			errorTag := item.Tag
-			errorTag = item.Tag
 			if item.Failure != nil {
 				errorTag = item.Failure.Tag
 				if item.Failure.LookupFailed != nil {
@@ -191,112 +70,9 @@ func (b *batcher) commitBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionF
 					errorTag += "/" + item.Failure.PropertiesError.Tag
 				}
 			}
-			resp.err = fmt.Errorf("batch upload failed: %s", errorTag)
+			errors[i] = fmt.Errorf("upload failed: %s", errorTag)
-		}
-		if !b.async {
-			results[i] <- resp
 		}
 	}
-	// Show signalled so no need to report error to clients from now on
-	signalled = true
 
-	// Report an error if any failed in the batch
-	if errorTag != "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("batch had %d errors: last error: %s", errorCount, errorTag)
-	}
-
-	fs.Debugf(b.f, "Committed %s", desc)
 	return nil
 }
-
-// commitLoop runs the commit engine in the background
-func (b *batcher) commitLoop(ctx context.Context) {
-	var (
-		items     []*files.UploadSessionFinishArg // current batch of uncommitted files
-		results   []chan<- batcherResponse        // current batch of clients awaiting results
-		idleTimer = time.NewTimer(b.timeout)
-		commit    = func() {
-			err := b.commitBatch(ctx, items, results)
-			if err != nil {
-				fs.Errorf(b.f, "%s batch commit: failed to commit batch length %d: %v", b.mode, len(items), err)
-			}
-			items, results = nil, nil
-		}
-	)
-	defer b.wg.Done()
-	defer idleTimer.Stop()
-	idleTimer.Stop()
-
-outer:
-	for {
-		select {
-		case req := <-b.in:
-			if req.isQuit() {
-				break outer
-			}
-			items = append(items, req.commitInfo)
-			results = append(results, req.result)
-			idleTimer.Stop()
-			if len(items) >= b.size {
-				commit()
-			} else {
-				idleTimer.Reset(b.timeout)
-			}
-		case <-idleTimer.C:
-			if len(items) > 0 {
-				fs.Debugf(b.f, "Batch idle for %v so committing", b.timeout)
-				commit()
-			}
-		}
-
-	}
-	// commit any remaining items
-	if len(items) > 0 {
-		commit()
-	}
-}
-
-// Shutdown finishes any pending batches then shuts everything down
-//
-// Can be called from atexit handler
-func (b *batcher) Shutdown() {
-	if !b.Batching() {
-		return
-	}
-	b.shutOnce.Do(func() {
-		atexit.Unregister(b.atexit)
-		fs.Infof(b.f, "Committing uploads - please wait...")
-		// show that batcher is shutting down
-		close(b.closed)
-		// quit the commitLoop by sending a quitRequest message
-		//
-		// Note that we don't close b.in because that will
-		// cause write to closed channel in Commit when we are
-		// exiting due to a signal.
-		b.in <- quitRequest
-		b.wg.Wait()
-	})
-}
-
-// Commit commits the file using a batch call, first adding it to the
-// batch and then waiting for the batch to complete in a synchronous
-// way if async is not set.
-func (b *batcher) Commit(ctx context.Context, commitInfo *files.UploadSessionFinishArg) (entry *files.FileMetadata, err error) {
-	select {
-	case <-b.closed:
-		return nil, fserrors.FatalError(errors.New("batcher is shutting down"))
-	default:
-	}
-	fs.Debugf(b.f, "Adding %q to batch", commitInfo.Commit.Path)
-	resp := make(chan batcherResponse, 1)
-	b.in <- batcherRequest{
-		commitInfo: commitInfo,
-		result:     resp,
-	}
-	// If running async then don't wait for the result
-	if b.async {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	result := <-resp
-	return result.entry, result.err
-}

backend/dropbox/dropbox.go

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/obscure"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fserrors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/batcher"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/encoder"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/oauthutil"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pacer"
@@ -121,6 +122,14 @@ var (
 
 	// Errors
 	errNotSupportedInSharedMode = fserrors.NoRetryError(errors.New("not supported in shared files mode"))
+
+	// Configure the batcher
+	defaultBatcherOptions = batcher.Options{
+		MaxBatchSize:          1000,
+		DefaultTimeoutSync:    500 * time.Millisecond,
+		DefaultTimeoutAsync:   10 * time.Second,
+		DefaultBatchSizeAsync: 100,
+	}
 )
 
 // Gets an oauth config with the right scopes
@@ -152,7 +161,7 @@ func init() {
 				},
 			})
 		},
-		Options: append(oauthutil.SharedOptions, []fs.Option{{
+		Options: append(append(oauthutil.SharedOptions, []fs.Option{{
 			Name: "chunk_size",
 			Help: fmt.Sprintf(`Upload chunk size (< %v).
 
@@ -210,68 +219,6 @@ Note that we don't unmount the shared folder afterwards so the
 shared folder.`,
 			Default:  false,
 			Advanced: true,
-		}, {
-			Name: "batch_mode",
-			Help: `Upload file batching sync|async|off.
-
-This sets the batch mode used by rclone.
-
-For full info see [the main docs](https://rclone.org/dropbox/#batch-mode)
-
-This has 3 possible values
-
-- off - no batching
-- sync - batch uploads and check completion (default)
-- async - batch upload and don't check completion
-
-Rclone will close any outstanding batches when it exits which may make
-a delay on quit.
-`,
-			Default:  "sync",
-			Advanced: true,
-		}, {
-			Name: "batch_size",
-			Help: `Max number of files in upload batch.
-
-This sets the batch size of files to upload. It has to be less than 1000.
-
-By default this is 0 which means rclone which calculate the batch size
-depending on the setting of batch_mode.
-
-- batch_mode: async - default batch_size is 100
-- batch_mode: sync - default batch_size is the same as --transfers
-- batch_mode: off - not in use
-
-Rclone will close any outstanding batches when it exits which may make
-a delay on quit.
-
-Setting this is a great idea if you are uploading lots of small files
-as it will make them a lot quicker. You can use --transfers 32 to
-maximise throughput.
-`,
-			Default:  0,
-			Advanced: true,
-		}, {
-			Name: "batch_timeout",
-			Help: `Max time to allow an idle upload batch before uploading.
-
-If an upload batch is idle for more than this long then it will be
-uploaded.
-
-The default for this is 0 which means rclone will choose a sensible
-default based on the batch_mode in use.
-
-- batch_mode: async - default batch_timeout is 10s
-- batch_mode: sync - default batch_timeout is 500ms
-- batch_mode: off - not in use
-`,
-			Default:  fs.Duration(0),
-			Advanced: true,
-		}, {
-			Name:     "batch_commit_timeout",
-			Help:     `Max time to wait for a batch to finish committing`,
-			Default:  fs.Duration(10 * time.Minute),
-			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "pacer_min_sleep",
 			Default:  defaultMinSleep,
@@ -290,23 +237,22 @@ default based on the batch_mode in use.
 				encoder.EncodeDel |
 				encoder.EncodeRightSpace |
 				encoder.EncodeInvalidUtf8,
-		}}...),
+		}}...), defaultBatcherOptions.FsOptions("For full info see [the main docs](https://rclone.org/dropbox/#batch-mode)\n\n")...),
 	})
 }
 
 // Options defines the configuration for this backend
 type Options struct {
-	ChunkSize          fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"chunk_size"`
+	ChunkSize     fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"chunk_size"`
-	Impersonate        string               `config:"impersonate"`
+	Impersonate   string               `config:"impersonate"`
-	SharedFiles        bool                 `config:"shared_files"`
+	SharedFiles   bool                 `config:"shared_files"`
-	SharedFolders      bool                 `config:"shared_folders"`
+	SharedFolders bool                 `config:"shared_folders"`
-	BatchMode          string               `config:"batch_mode"`
+	BatchMode     string               `config:"batch_mode"`
-	BatchSize          int                  `config:"batch_size"`
+	BatchSize     int                  `config:"batch_size"`
-	BatchTimeout       fs.Duration          `config:"batch_timeout"`
+	BatchTimeout  fs.Duration          `config:"batch_timeout"`
-	BatchCommitTimeout fs.Duration          `config:"batch_commit_timeout"`
+	AsyncBatch    bool                 `config:"async_batch"`
-	AsyncBatch         bool                 `config:"async_batch"`
+	PacerMinSleep fs.Duration          `config:"pacer_min_sleep"`
-	PacerMinSleep      fs.Duration          `config:"pacer_min_sleep"`
+	Enc           encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
-	Enc                encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
 }
 
 // Fs represents a remote dropbox server
@@ -325,7 +271,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 	slashRootSlash string         // root with "/" prefix and postfix, lowercase
 	pacer          *fs.Pacer      // To pace the API calls
 	ns             string         // The namespace we are using or "" for none
-	batcher        *batcher       // batch builder
+	batcher        *batcher.Batcher[*files.UploadSessionFinishArg, *files.FileMetadata]
 }
 
 // Object describes a dropbox object
@@ -451,7 +397,11 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		ci:    ci,
 		pacer: fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewDefault(pacer.MinSleep(opt.PacerMinSleep), pacer.MaxSleep(maxSleep), pacer.DecayConstant(decayConstant))),
 	}
-	f.batcher, err = newBatcher(ctx, f, f.opt.BatchMode, f.opt.BatchSize, time.Duration(f.opt.BatchTimeout))
+	batcherOptions := defaultBatcherOptions
+	batcherOptions.Mode = f.opt.BatchMode
+	batcherOptions.Size = f.opt.BatchSize
+	batcherOptions.Timeout = time.Duration(f.opt.BatchTimeout)
+	f.batcher, err = batcher.New(ctx, f, f.commitBatch, batcherOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1722,7 +1672,7 @@ func (o *Object) uploadChunked(ctx context.Context, in0 io.Reader, commitInfo *f
 	// If we are batching then we should have written all the data now
 	// store the commit info now for a batch commit
 	if o.fs.batcher.Batching() {
-		return o.fs.batcher.Commit(ctx, args)
+		return o.fs.batcher.Commit(ctx, o.remote, args)
 	}
 
 	err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {

lib/batcher/batcher.go

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+// Package batcher implements a generic batcher.
+//
+// It uses two types:
+//
+//	Item - the thing to be batched
+//	Result - the result from the batching
+//
+// And one function of type CommitBatchFn which is called to do the actual batching.
+package batcher
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fserrors"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/atexit"
+)
+
+// Options for configuring the batcher
+type Options struct {
+	Mode                  string        // mode of the batcher "sync", "async" or "off"
+	Size                  int           // size of batch
+	Timeout               time.Duration // timeout before committing the batch
+	MaxBatchSize          int           // max size the batch can be
+	DefaultTimeoutSync    time.Duration // default time to kick off the batch if nothing added for this long (sync)
+	DefaultTimeoutAsync   time.Duration // default time to kick off the batch if nothing added for this long (async)
+	DefaultBatchSizeAsync int           // default batch size if async
+}
+
+// CommitBatchFn is called to commit a batch of Item and return Result to the callers.
+//
+// It should commit the batch of items then for each result i (of
+// which there should be len(items)) it should set either results[i]
+// or errors[i]
+type CommitBatchFn[Item, Result any] func(ctx context.Context, items []Item, results []Result, errors []error) (err error)
+
+// Batcher holds info about the current items waiting to be acted on.
+type Batcher[Item, Result any] struct {
+	opt      Options                     // options for configuring the batcher
+	f        any                         // logging identity for fs.Debugf(f, ...)
+	commit   CommitBatchFn[Item, Result] // User defined function to commit the batch
+	async    bool                        // whether we are using async batching
+	in       chan request[Item, Result]  // incoming items to batch
+	closed   chan struct{}               // close to indicate batcher shut down
+	atexit   atexit.FnHandle             // atexit handle
+	shutOnce sync.Once                   // make sure we shutdown once only
+	wg       sync.WaitGroup              // wait for shutdown
+}
+
+// request holds an incoming request with a place for a reply
+type request[Item, Result any] struct {
+	item   Item
+	name   string
+	result chan<- response[Result]
+	quit   bool // if set then quit
+}
+
+// response holds a response to be delivered to clients waiting
+// for a batch to complete.
+type response[Result any] struct {
+	err   error
+	entry Result
+}
+
+// New creates a Batcher for Item and Result calling commit to do the actual committing.
+func New[Item, Result any](ctx context.Context, f any, commit CommitBatchFn[Item, Result], opt Options) (*Batcher[Item, Result], error) {
+	// fs.Debugf(f, "Creating batcher with mode %q, size %d, timeout %v", mode, size, timeout)
+	if opt.Size > opt.MaxBatchSize || opt.Size < 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("batcher: batch size must be < %d and >= 0 - it is currently %d", opt.MaxBatchSize, opt.Size)
+	}
+
+	async := false
+
+	switch opt.Mode {
+	case "sync":
+		if opt.Size <= 0 {
+			ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)
+			opt.Size = ci.Transfers
+		}
+		if opt.Timeout <= 0 {
+			opt.Timeout = opt.DefaultTimeoutSync
+		}
+	case "async":
+		if opt.Size <= 0 {
+			opt.Size = opt.DefaultBatchSizeAsync
+		}
+		if opt.Timeout <= 0 {
+			opt.Timeout = opt.DefaultTimeoutAsync
+		}
+		async = true
+	case "off":
+		opt.Size = 0
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("batcher: batch mode must be sync|async|off not %q", opt.Mode)
+	}
+
+	b := &Batcher[Item, Result]{
+		opt:    opt,
+		f:      f,
+		commit: commit,
+		async:  async,
+		in:     make(chan request[Item, Result], opt.Size),
+		closed: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	if b.Batching() {
+		b.atexit = atexit.Register(b.Shutdown)
+		b.wg.Add(1)
+		go b.commitLoop(context.Background())
+	}
+	return b, nil
+
+}
+
+// Batching returns true if batching is active
+func (b *Batcher[Item, Result]) Batching() bool {
+	return b.opt.Size > 0
+}
+
+// commit a batch calling the user defined commit function then distributing the results.
+func (b *Batcher[Item, Result]) commitBatch(ctx context.Context, requests []request[Item, Result]) (err error) {
+	// If commit fails then signal clients if sync
+	var signalled = b.async
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil && !signalled {
+			// Signal to clients that there was an error
+			for _, req := range requests {
+				req.result <- response[Result]{err: err}
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	desc := fmt.Sprintf("%s batch length %d starting with: %s", b.opt.Mode, len(requests), requests[0].name)
+	fs.Debugf(b.f, "Committing %s", desc)
+
+	var (
+		items   = make([]Item, len(requests))
+		results = make([]Result, len(requests))
+		errors  = make([]error, len(requests))
+	)
+
+	for i := range requests {
+		items[i] = requests[i].item
+	}
+
+	// Commit the batch
+	err = b.commit(ctx, items, results, errors)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Report results to clients
+	var (
+		lastError  error
+		errorCount = 0
+	)
+	for i, req := range requests {
+		result := results[i]
+		err := errors[i]
+		resp := response[Result]{}
+		if err == nil {
+			resp.entry = result
+		} else {
+			errorCount++
+			lastError = err
+			resp.err = fmt.Errorf("batch upload failed: %w", err)
+		}
+		if !b.async {
+			req.result <- resp
+		}
+	}
+
+	// show signalled so no need to report error to clients from now on
+	signalled = true
+
+	// Report an error if any failed in the batch
+	if lastError != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("batch had %d errors: last error: %w", errorCount, lastError)
+	}
+
+	fs.Debugf(b.f, "Committed %s", desc)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// commitLoop runs the commit engine in the background
+func (b *Batcher[Item, Result]) commitLoop(ctx context.Context) {
+	var (
+		requests  []request[Item, Result] // current batch of uncommitted Items
+		idleTimer = time.NewTimer(b.opt.Timeout)
+		commit    = func() {
+			err := b.commitBatch(ctx, requests)
+			if err != nil {
+				fs.Errorf(b.f, "%s batch commit: failed to commit batch length %d: %v", b.opt.Mode, len(requests), err)
+			}
+			requests = nil
+		}
+	)
+	defer b.wg.Done()
+	defer idleTimer.Stop()
+	idleTimer.Stop()
+
+outer:
+	for {
+		select {
+		case req := <-b.in:
+			if req.quit {
+				break outer
+			}
+			requests = append(requests, req)
+			idleTimer.Stop()
+			if len(requests) >= b.opt.Size {
+				commit()
+			} else {
+				idleTimer.Reset(b.opt.Timeout)
+			}
+		case <-idleTimer.C:
+			if len(requests) > 0 {
+				fs.Debugf(b.f, "Batch idle for %v so committing", b.opt.Timeout)
+				commit()
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+	// commit any remaining items
+	if len(requests) > 0 {
+		commit()
+	}
+}
+
+// Shutdown finishes any pending batches then shuts everything down.
+//
+// This is registered as an atexit handler by New.
+func (b *Batcher[Item, Result]) Shutdown() {
+	if !b.Batching() {
+		return
+	}
+	b.shutOnce.Do(func() {
+		atexit.Unregister(b.atexit)
+		fs.Infof(b.f, "Committing uploads - please wait...")
+		// show that batcher is shutting down
+		close(b.closed)
+		// quit the commitLoop by sending a quitRequest message
+		//
+		// Note that we don't close b.in because that will
+		// cause write to closed channel in Commit when we are
+		// exiting due to a signal.
+		b.in <- request[Item, Result]{quit: true}
+		b.wg.Wait()
+	})
+}
+
+// Commit commits the Item getting a Result or error using a batch
+// call, first adding it to the batch and then waiting for the batch
+// to complete in a synchronous way if async is not set.
+//
+// If async is set then this will return no error and a nil/empty
+// Result.
+//
+// This should not be called if batching is off - check first with
+// IsBatching.
+func (b *Batcher[Item, Result]) Commit(ctx context.Context, name string, item Item) (entry Result, err error) {
+	select {
+	case <-b.closed:
+		return entry, fserrors.FatalError(errors.New("batcher is shutting down"))
+	default:
+	}
+	fs.Debugf(b.f, "Adding %q to batch", name)
+	resp := make(chan response[Result], 1)
+	b.in <- request[Item, Result]{
+		item:   item,
+		name:   name,
+		result: resp,
+	}
+	// If running async then don't wait for the result
+	if b.async {
+		return entry, nil
+	}
+	result := <-resp
+	return result.entry, result.err
+}

lib/batcher/batcher_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+package batcher
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type (
+	Result string
+	Item   string
+)
+
+func TestBatcherNew(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)
+
+	opt := Options{
+		Mode:                  "async",
+		Size:                  100,
+		Timeout:               1 * time.Second,
+		MaxBatchSize:          1000,
+		DefaultTimeoutSync:    500 * time.Millisecond,
+		DefaultTimeoutAsync:   10 * time.Second,
+		DefaultBatchSizeAsync: 100,
+	}
+	commitBatch := func(ctx context.Context, items []Item, results []Result, errors []error) (err error) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	b, err := New[Item, Result](ctx, nil, commitBatch, opt)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, b.Batching())
+	b.Shutdown()
+
+	opt.Mode = "sync"
+	b, err = New[Item, Result](ctx, nil, commitBatch, opt)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, b.Batching())
+	b.Shutdown()
+
+	opt.Mode = "off"
+	b, err = New[Item, Result](ctx, nil, commitBatch, opt)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, b.Batching())
+	b.Shutdown()
+
+	opt.Mode = "bad"
+	_, err = New[Item, Result](ctx, nil, commitBatch, opt)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "batch mode")
+
+	opt.Mode = "async"
+	opt.Size = opt.MaxBatchSize + 1
+	_, err = New[Item, Result](ctx, nil, commitBatch, opt)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "batch size")
+
+	opt.Mode = "sync"
+	opt.Size = 0
+	opt.Timeout = 0
+	b, err = New[Item, Result](ctx, nil, commitBatch, opt)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, ci.Transfers, b.opt.Size)
+	assert.Equal(t, opt.DefaultTimeoutSync, b.opt.Timeout)
+	b.Shutdown()
+
+	opt.Mode = "async"
+	opt.Size = 0
+	opt.Timeout = 0
+	b, err = New[Item, Result](ctx, nil, commitBatch, opt)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, opt.DefaultBatchSizeAsync, b.opt.Size)
+	assert.Equal(t, opt.DefaultTimeoutAsync, b.opt.Timeout)
+	b.Shutdown()
+
+	// Check we get an error on commit
+	_, err = b.Commit(ctx, "last", Item("last"))
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "shutting down")
+
+}
+
+func TestBatcherCommit(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	opt := Options{
+		Mode:                  "sync",
+		Size:                  3,
+		Timeout:               1 * time.Second,
+		MaxBatchSize:          1000,
+		DefaultTimeoutSync:    500 * time.Millisecond,
+		DefaultTimeoutAsync:   10 * time.Second,
+		DefaultBatchSizeAsync: 100,
+	}
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	errFail := errors.New("fail")
+	var commits int
+	var totalSize int
+	commitBatch := func(ctx context.Context, items []Item, results []Result, errors []error) (err error) {
+		commits += 1
+		totalSize += len(items)
+		for i := range items {
+			if items[i] == "5" {
+				errors[i] = errFail
+			} else {
+				results[i] = Result(items[i]) + " result"
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	b, err := New[Item, Result](ctx, nil, commitBatch, opt)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer b.Shutdown()
+
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		s := fmt.Sprintf("%d", i)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			result, err := b.Commit(ctx, s, Item(s))
+			if s == "5" {
+				assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, errFail))
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.Equal(t, Result(s+" result"), result)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	assert.Equal(t, 4, commits)
+	assert.Equal(t, 10, totalSize)
+}
+
+func TestBatcherCommitFail(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	opt := Options{
+		Mode:                  "sync",
+		Size:                  3,
+		Timeout:               1 * time.Second,
+		MaxBatchSize:          1000,
+		DefaultTimeoutSync:    500 * time.Millisecond,
+		DefaultTimeoutAsync:   10 * time.Second,
+		DefaultBatchSizeAsync: 100,
+	}
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	errFail := errors.New("fail")
+	var commits int
+	var totalSize int
+	commitBatch := func(ctx context.Context, items []Item, results []Result, errors []error) (err error) {
+		commits += 1
+		totalSize += len(items)
+		return errFail
+	}
+	b, err := New[Item, Result](ctx, nil, commitBatch, opt)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer b.Shutdown()
+
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		s := fmt.Sprintf("%d", i)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			_, err := b.Commit(ctx, s, Item(s))
+			assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, errFail))
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	assert.Equal(t, 4, commits)
+	assert.Equal(t, 10, totalSize)
+}
+
+func TestBatcherCommitShutdown(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	opt := Options{
+		Mode:                  "sync",
+		Size:                  3,
+		Timeout:               1 * time.Second,
+		MaxBatchSize:          1000,
+		DefaultTimeoutSync:    500 * time.Millisecond,
+		DefaultTimeoutAsync:   10 * time.Second,
+		DefaultBatchSizeAsync: 100,
+	}
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	var commits int
+	var totalSize int
+	commitBatch := func(ctx context.Context, items []Item, results []Result, errors []error) (err error) {
+		commits += 1
+		totalSize += len(items)
+		for i := range items {
+			results[i] = Result(items[i])
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	b, err := New[Item, Result](ctx, nil, commitBatch, opt)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		s := fmt.Sprintf("%d", i)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			result, err := b.Commit(ctx, s, Item(s))
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, Result(s), result)
+		}()
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	b.Shutdown() // shutdown with batches outstanding
+
+	wg.Wait()
+	assert.Equal(t, 4, commits)
+	assert.Equal(t, 10, totalSize)
+}
+
+func TestBatcherCommitAsync(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	opt := Options{
+		Mode:                  "async",
+		Size:                  3,
+		Timeout:               1 * time.Second,
+		MaxBatchSize:          1000,
+		DefaultTimeoutSync:    500 * time.Millisecond,
+		DefaultTimeoutAsync:   10 * time.Second,
+		DefaultBatchSizeAsync: 100,
+	}
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	errFail := errors.New("fail")
+	var commits atomic.Int32
+	var totalSize atomic.Int32
+	commitBatch := func(ctx context.Context, items []Item, results []Result, errors []error) (err error) {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		defer wg.Done()
+		// t.Logf("commit %d", len(items))
+		commits.Add(1)
+		totalSize.Add(int32(len(items)))
+		for i := range items {
+			if items[i] == "5" {
+				errors[i] = errFail
+			} else {
+				results[i] = Result(items[i]) + " result"
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	b, err := New[Item, Result](ctx, nil, commitBatch, opt)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer b.Shutdown()
+
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		s := fmt.Sprintf("%d", i)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			result, err := b.Commit(ctx, s, Item(s))
+			// Async just returns straight away
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, Result(""), result)
+		}()
+	}
+	time.Sleep(2 * time.Second) // wait for batch timeout - needed with async
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(4), commits.Load())
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(10), totalSize.Load())
+}

lib/batcher/options.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package batcher
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+)
+
+// FsOptions returns the batch mode fs.Options
+func (opt *Options) FsOptions(extra string) []fs.Option {
+	return []fs.Option{{
+		Name: "batch_mode",
+		Help: fmt.Sprintf(`Upload file batching sync|async|off.
+
+This sets the batch mode used by rclone.
+
+%sThis has 3 possible values
+
+- off - no batching
+- sync - batch uploads and check completion (default)
+- async - batch upload and don't check completion
+
+Rclone will close any outstanding batches when it exits which may make
+a delay on quit.
+`, extra),
+		Default:  "sync",
+		Advanced: true,
+	}, {
+		Name: "batch_size",
+		Help: fmt.Sprintf(`Max number of files in upload batch.
+
+This sets the batch size of files to upload. It has to be less than %d.
+
+By default this is 0 which means rclone which calculate the batch size
+depending on the setting of batch_mode.
+
+- batch_mode: async - default batch_size is %d
+- batch_mode: sync - default batch_size is the same as --transfers
+- batch_mode: off - not in use
+
+Rclone will close any outstanding batches when it exits which may make
+a delay on quit.
+
+Setting this is a great idea if you are uploading lots of small files
+as it will make them a lot quicker. You can use --transfers 32 to
+maximise throughput.
+`, opt.MaxBatchSize, opt.DefaultBatchSizeAsync),
+		Default:  0,
+		Advanced: true,
+	}, {
+		Name: "batch_timeout",
+		Help: fmt.Sprintf(`Max time to allow an idle upload batch before uploading.
+
+If an upload batch is idle for more than this long then it will be
+uploaded.
+
+The default for this is 0 which means rclone will choose a sensible
+default based on the batch_mode in use.
+
+- batch_mode: async - default batch_timeout is %v
+- batch_mode: sync - default batch_timeout is %v
+- batch_mode: off - not in use
+`, opt.DefaultTimeoutAsync, opt.DefaultTimeoutSync),
+		Default:  fs.Duration(0),
+		Advanced: true,
+	}, {
+		Name:     "batch_commit_timeout",
+		Help:     `Max time to wait for a batch to finish committing`,
+		Default:  fs.Duration(10 * time.Minute),
+		Advanced: true,
+	}}
+}