--- title: "Amazon S3" description: "Rclone docs for Amazon S3" --- {{< icon "fab fa-amazon" >}} Amazon S3 Storage Providers -------------------------------------------------------- The S3 backend can be used with a number of different providers: {{< provider_list >}} {{< provider name="AWS S3" home="https://aws.amazon.com/s3/" config="/s3/#amazon-s3" start="true" >}} {{< provider name="Alibaba Cloud (Aliyun) Object Storage System (OSS)" home="https://www.alibabacloud.com/product/oss/" config="/s3/#alibaba-oss" >}} {{< provider name="Ceph" home="http://ceph.com/" config="/s3/#ceph" >}} {{< provider name="DigitalOcean Spaces" home="https://www.digitalocean.com/products/object-storage/" config="/s3/#digitalocean-spaces" >}} {{< provider name="Dreamhost" home="https://www.dreamhost.com/cloud/storage/" config="/s3/#dreamhost" >}} {{< provider name="IBM COS S3" home="http://www.ibm.com/cloud/object-storage" config="/s3/#ibm-cos-s3" >}} {{< provider name="Minio" home="https://www.minio.io/" config="/s3/#minio" >}} {{< provider name="Scaleway" home="https://www.scaleway.com/en/object-storage/" config="/s3/#scaleway" >}} {{< provider name="StackPath" home="https://www.stackpath.com/products/object-storage/" config="/s3/#stackpath" >}} {{< provider name="Wasabi" home="https://wasabi.com/" config="/s3/#wasabi" end="true" >}} {{< /provider_list >}} Paths are specified as `remote:bucket` (or `remote:` for the `lsd` command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg `remote:bucket/path/to/dir`. Once you have made a remote (see the provider specific section above) you can use it like this: See all buckets rclone lsd remote: Make a new bucket rclone mkdir remote:bucket List the contents of a bucket rclone ls remote:bucket Sync `/home/local/directory` to the remote bucket, deleting any excess files in the bucket. rclone sync -i /home/local/directory remote:bucket ## AWS S3 {#amazon-s3} Here is an example of making an s3 configuration. First run rclone config This will guide you through an interactive setup process. ``` No remotes found - make a new one n) New remote s) Set configuration password q) Quit config n/s/q> n name> remote Type of storage to configure. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value [snip] XX / Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Providers (AWS, Ceph, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio) \ "s3" [snip] Storage> s3 Choose your S3 provider. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 \ "AWS" 2 / Ceph Object Storage \ "Ceph" 3 / Digital Ocean Spaces \ "DigitalOcean" 4 / Dreamhost DreamObjects \ "Dreamhost" 5 / IBM COS S3 \ "IBMCOS" 6 / Minio Object Storage \ "Minio" 7 / Wasabi Object Storage \ "Wasabi" 8 / Any other S3 compatible provider \ "Other" provider> 1 Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta data if no env vars). Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Enter AWS credentials in the next step \ "false" 2 / Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM) \ "true" env_auth> 1 AWS Access Key ID - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials. access_key_id> XXX AWS Secret Access Key (password) - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials. secret_access_key> YYY Region to connect to. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value / The default endpoint - a good choice if you are unsure. 1 | US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest. | Leave location constraint empty. \ "us-east-1" / US East (Ohio) Region 2 | Needs location constraint us-east-2. \ "us-east-2" / US West (Oregon) Region 3 | Needs location constraint us-west-2. \ "us-west-2" / US West (Northern California) Region 4 | Needs location constraint us-west-1. \ "us-west-1" / Canada (Central) Region 5 | Needs location constraint ca-central-1. \ "ca-central-1" / EU (Ireland) Region 6 | Needs location constraint EU or eu-west-1. \ "eu-west-1" / EU (London) Region 7 | Needs location constraint eu-west-2. \ "eu-west-2" / EU (Frankfurt) Region 8 | Needs location constraint eu-central-1. \ "eu-central-1" / Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region 9 | Needs location constraint ap-southeast-1. \ "ap-southeast-1" / Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region 10 | Needs location constraint ap-southeast-2. \ "ap-southeast-2" / Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region 11 | Needs location constraint ap-northeast-1. \ "ap-northeast-1" / Asia Pacific (Seoul) 12 | Needs location constraint ap-northeast-2. \ "ap-northeast-2" / Asia Pacific (Mumbai) 13 | Needs location constraint ap-south-1. \ "ap-south-1" / Asia Patific (Hong Kong) Region 14 | Needs location constraint ap-east-1. \ "ap-east-1" / South America (Sao Paulo) Region 15 | Needs location constraint sa-east-1. \ "sa-east-1" region> 1 Endpoint for S3 API. Leave blank if using AWS to use the default endpoint for the region. endpoint> Location constraint - must be set to match the Region. Used when creating buckets only. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Empty for US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest. \ "" 2 / US East (Ohio) Region. \ "us-east-2" 3 / US West (Oregon) Region. \ "us-west-2" 4 / US West (Northern California) Region. \ "us-west-1" 5 / Canada (Central) Region. \ "ca-central-1" 6 / EU (Ireland) Region. \ "eu-west-1" 7 / EU (London) Region. \ "eu-west-2" 8 / EU Region. \ "EU" 9 / Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region. \ "ap-southeast-1" 10 / Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region. \ "ap-southeast-2" 11 / Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region. \ "ap-northeast-1" 12 / Asia Pacific (Seoul) \ "ap-northeast-2" 13 / Asia Pacific (Mumbai) \ "ap-south-1" 14 / Asia Pacific (Hong Kong) \ "ap-east-1" 15 / South America (Sao Paulo) Region. \ "sa-east-1" location_constraint> 1 Canned ACL used when creating buckets and/or storing objects in S3. For more info visit https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default). \ "private" 2 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ access. \ "public-read" / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access. 3 | Granting this on a bucket is generally not recommended. \ "public-read-write" 4 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AuthenticatedUsers group gets READ access. \ "authenticated-read" / Object owner gets FULL_CONTROL. Bucket owner gets READ access. 5 | If you specify this canned ACL when creating a bucket, Amazon S3 ignores it. \ "bucket-owner-read" / Both the object owner and the bucket owner get FULL_CONTROL over the object. 6 | If you specify this canned ACL when creating a bucket, Amazon S3 ignores it. \ "bucket-owner-full-control" acl> 1 The server-side encryption algorithm used when storing this object in S3. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / None \ "" 2 / AES256 \ "AES256" server_side_encryption> 1 The storage class to use when storing objects in S3. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Default \ "" 2 / Standard storage class \ "STANDARD" 3 / Reduced redundancy storage class \ "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY" 4 / Standard Infrequent Access storage class \ "STANDARD_IA" 5 / One Zone Infrequent Access storage class \ "ONEZONE_IA" 6 / Glacier storage class \ "GLACIER" 7 / Glacier Deep Archive storage class \ "DEEP_ARCHIVE" 8 / Intelligent-Tiering storage class \ "INTELLIGENT_TIERING" storage_class> 1 Remote config -------------------- [remote] type = s3 provider = AWS env_auth = false access_key_id = XXX secret_access_key = YYY region = us-east-1 endpoint = location_constraint = acl = private server_side_encryption = storage_class = -------------------- y) Yes this is OK e) Edit this remote d) Delete this remote y/e/d> ``` ### --fast-list ### This remote supports `--fast-list` which allows you to use fewer transactions in exchange for more memory. See the [rclone docs](/docs/#fast-list) for more details. ### --update and --use-server-modtime ### As noted below, the modified time is stored on metadata on the object. It is used by default for all operations that require checking the time a file was last updated. It allows rclone to treat the remote more like a true filesystem, but it is inefficient because it requires an extra API call to retrieve the metadata. For many operations, the time the object was last uploaded to the remote is sufficient to determine if it is "dirty". By using `--update` along with `--use-server-modtime`, you can avoid the extra API call and simply upload files whose local modtime is newer than the time it was last uploaded. ### Modified time ### The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as `X-Amz-Meta-Mtime` as floating point since the epoch accurate to 1 ns. If the modification time needs to be updated rclone will attempt to perform a server side copy to update the modification if the object can be copied in a single part. In the case the object is larger than 5Gb or is in Glacier or Glacier Deep Archive storage the object will be uploaded rather than copied. ### Cleanup ### If you run `rclone cleanup s3:bucket` then it will remove all pending multipart uploads older than 24 hours. You can use the `-i` flag to see exactly what it will do. If you want more control over the expiry date then run `rclone backend cleanup s3:bucket -o max-age=1h` to expire all uploads older than one hour. You can use `rclone backend list-multipart-uploads s3:bucket` to see the pending multipart uploads. #### Restricted filename characters S3 allows any valid UTF-8 string as a key. Invalid UTF-8 bytes will be [replaced](/overview/#invalid-utf8), as they can't be used in XML. The following characters are replaced since these are problematic when dealing with the REST API: | Character | Value | Replacement | | --------- |:-----:|:-----------:| | NUL | 0x00 | ␀ | | / | 0x2F | ／ | The encoding will also encode these file names as they don't seem to work with the SDK properly: | File name | Replacement | | --------- |:-----------:| | . | ． | | .. | ．． | ### Multipart uploads ### rclone supports multipart uploads with S3 which means that it can upload files bigger than 5GB. Note that files uploaded *both* with multipart upload *and* through crypt remotes do not have MD5 sums. rclone switches from single part uploads to multipart uploads at the point specified by `--s3-upload-cutoff`. This can be a maximum of 5GB and a minimum of 0 (ie always upload multipart files). The chunk sizes used in the multipart upload are specified by `--s3-chunk-size` and the number of chunks uploaded concurrently is specified by `--s3-upload-concurrency`. Multipart uploads will use `--transfers` * `--s3-upload-concurrency` * `--s3-chunk-size` extra memory. Single part uploads to not use extra memory. Single part transfers can be faster than multipart transfers or slower depending on your latency from S3 - the more latency, the more likely single part transfers will be faster. Increasing `--s3-upload-concurrency` will increase throughput (8 would be a sensible value) and increasing `--s3-chunk-size` also increases throughput (16M would be sensible). Increasing either of these will use more memory. The default values are high enough to gain most of the possible performance without using too much memory. ### Buckets and Regions ### With Amazon S3 you can list buckets (`rclone lsd`) using any region, but you can only access the content of a bucket from the region it was created in. If you attempt to access a bucket from the wrong region, you will get an error, `incorrect region, the bucket is not in 'XXX' region`. ### Authentication ### There are a number of ways to supply `rclone` with a set of AWS credentials, with and without using the environment. The different authentication methods are tried in this order: - Directly in the rclone configuration file (`env_auth = false` in the config file): - `access_key_id` and `secret_access_key` are required. - `session_token` can be optionally set when using AWS STS. - Runtime configuration (`env_auth = true` in the config file): - Export the following environment variables before running `rclone`: - Access Key ID: `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID` or `AWS_ACCESS_KEY` - Secret Access Key: `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY` or `AWS_SECRET_KEY` - Session Token: `AWS_SESSION_TOKEN` (optional) - Or, use a [named profile](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-multiple-profiles.html): - Profile files are standard files used by AWS CLI tools - By default it will use the profile in your home directory (eg `~/.aws/credentials` on unix based systems) file and the "default" profile, to change set these environment variables: - `AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE` to control which file. - `AWS_PROFILE` to control which profile to use. - Or, run `rclone` in an ECS task with an IAM role (AWS only). - Or, run `rclone` on an EC2 instance with an IAM role (AWS only). - Or, run `rclone` in an EKS pod with an IAM role that is associated with a service account (AWS only). If none of these option actually end up providing `rclone` with AWS credentials then S3 interaction will be non-authenticated (see below). ### S3 Permissions ### When using the `sync` subcommand of `rclone` the following minimum permissions are required to be available on the bucket being written to: * `ListBucket` * `DeleteObject` * `GetObject` * `PutObject` * `PutObjectACL` When using the `lsd` subcommand, the `ListAllMyBuckets` permission is required. Example policy: ``` { "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Principal": { "AWS": "arn:aws:iam::USER_SID:user/USER_NAME" }, "Action": [ "s3:ListBucket", "s3:DeleteObject", "s3:GetObject", "s3:PutObject", "s3:PutObjectAcl" ], "Resource": [ "arn:aws:s3:::BUCKET_NAME/*", "arn:aws:s3:::BUCKET_NAME" ] }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "s3:ListAllMyBuckets", "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::*" } ] } ``` Notes on above: 1. This is a policy that can be used when creating bucket. It assumes that `USER_NAME` has been created. 2. The Resource entry must include both resource ARNs, as one implies the bucket and the other implies the bucket's objects. For reference, [here's an Ansible script](https://gist.github.com/ebridges/ebfc9042dd7c756cd101cfa807b7ae2b) that will generate one or more buckets that will work with `rclone sync`. ### Key Management System (KMS) ### If you are using server side encryption with KMS then you will find you can't transfer small objects. As a work-around you can use the `--ignore-checksum` flag. A proper fix is being worked on in [issue #1824](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/1824). ### Glacier and Glacier Deep Archive ### You can upload objects using the glacier storage class or transition them to glacier using a [lifecycle policy](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/user-guide/create-lifecycle.html). The bucket can still be synced or copied into normally, but if rclone tries to access data from the glacier storage class you will see an error like below. 2017/09/11 19:07:43 Failed to sync: failed to open source object: Object in GLACIER, restore first: path/to/file In this case you need to [restore](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/user-guide/restore-archived-objects.html) the object(s) in question before using rclone. Note that rclone only speaks the S3 API it does not speak the Glacier Vault API, so rclone cannot directly access Glacier Vaults. {{< rem autogenerated options start" - DO NOT EDIT - instead edit fs.RegInfo in backend/s3/s3.go then run make backenddocs" >}} ### Standard Options Here are the standard options specific to s3 (Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Provider (AWS, Alibaba, Ceph, Digital Ocean, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio, etc)). #### --s3-provider Choose your S3 provider. - Config: provider - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_PROVIDER - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "AWS" - Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 - "Alibaba" - Alibaba Cloud Object Storage System (OSS) formerly Aliyun - "Ceph" - Ceph Object Storage - "DigitalOcean" - Digital Ocean Spaces - "Dreamhost" - Dreamhost DreamObjects - "IBMCOS" - IBM COS S3 - "Minio" - Minio Object Storage - "Netease" - Netease Object Storage (NOS) - "StackPath" - StackPath Object Storage - "Wasabi" - Wasabi Object Storage - "Other" - Any other S3 compatible provider #### --s3-env-auth Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta data if no env vars). Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank. - Config: env_auth - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENV_AUTH - Type: bool - Default: false - Examples: - "false" - Enter AWS credentials in the next step - "true" - Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM) #### --s3-access-key-id AWS Access Key ID. Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials. - Config: access_key_id - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ACCESS_KEY_ID - Type: string - Default: "" #### --s3-secret-access-key AWS Secret Access Key (password) Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials. - Config: secret_access_key - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY - Type: string - Default: "" #### --s3-region Region to connect to. - Config: region - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_REGION - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "us-east-1" - The default endpoint - a good choice if you are unsure. - US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest. - Leave location constraint empty. - "us-east-2" - US East (Ohio) Region - Needs location constraint us-east-2. - "us-west-2" - US West (Oregon) Region - Needs location constraint us-west-2. - "us-west-1" - US West (Northern California) Region - Needs location constraint us-west-1. - "ca-central-1" - Canada (Central) Region - Needs location constraint ca-central-1. - "eu-west-1" - EU (Ireland) Region - Needs location constraint EU or eu-west-1. - "eu-west-2" - EU (London) Region - Needs location constraint eu-west-2. - "eu-north-1" - EU (Stockholm) Region - Needs location constraint eu-north-1. - "eu-central-1" - EU (Frankfurt) Region - Needs location constraint eu-central-1. - "ap-southeast-1" - Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region - Needs location constraint ap-southeast-1. - "ap-southeast-2" - Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region - Needs location constraint ap-southeast-2. - "ap-northeast-1" - Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region - Needs location constraint ap-northeast-1. - "ap-northeast-2" - Asia Pacific (Seoul) - Needs location constraint ap-northeast-2. - "ap-south-1" - Asia Pacific (Mumbai) - Needs location constraint ap-south-1. - "ap-east-1" - Asia Patific (Hong Kong) Region - Needs location constraint ap-east-1. - "sa-east-1" - South America (Sao Paulo) Region - Needs location constraint sa-east-1. #### --s3-region Region to connect to. Leave blank if you are using an S3 clone and you don't have a region. - Config: region - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_REGION - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "" - Use this if unsure. Will use v4 signatures and an empty region. - "other-v2-signature" - Use this only if v4 signatures don't work, eg pre Jewel/v10 CEPH. #### --s3-endpoint Endpoint for S3 API. Leave blank if using AWS to use the default endpoint for the region. - Config: endpoint - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT - Type: string - Default: "" #### --s3-endpoint Endpoint for IBM COS S3 API. Specify if using an IBM COS On Premise. - Config: endpoint - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - US Cross Region Endpoint - "s3-api.dal.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - US Cross Region Dallas Endpoint - "s3-api.wdc-us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - US Cross Region Washington DC Endpoint - "s3-api.sjc-us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - US Cross Region San Jose Endpoint - "s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - US Cross Region Private Endpoint - "s3-api.dal-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - US Cross Region Dallas Private Endpoint - "s3-api.wdc-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - US Cross Region Washington DC Private Endpoint - "s3-api.sjc-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - US Cross Region San Jose Private Endpoint - "s3.us-east.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - US Region East Endpoint - "s3.us-east.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - US Region East Private Endpoint - "s3.us-south.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - US Region South Endpoint - "s3.us-south.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - US Region South Private Endpoint - "s3.eu-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - EU Cross Region Endpoint - "s3.fra-eu-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - EU Cross Region Frankfurt Endpoint - "s3.mil-eu-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - EU Cross Region Milan Endpoint - "s3.ams-eu-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - EU Cross Region Amsterdam Endpoint - "s3.eu-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - EU Cross Region Private Endpoint - "s3.fra-eu-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - EU Cross Region Frankfurt Private Endpoint - "s3.mil-eu-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - EU Cross Region Milan Private Endpoint - "s3.ams-eu-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - EU Cross Region Amsterdam Private Endpoint - "s3.eu-gb.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - Great Britain Endpoint - "s3.eu-gb.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - Great Britain Private Endpoint - "s3.ap-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - APAC Cross Regional Endpoint - "s3.tok-ap-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - APAC Cross Regional Tokyo Endpoint - "s3.hkg-ap-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - APAC Cross Regional HongKong Endpoint - "s3.seo-ap-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - APAC Cross Regional Seoul Endpoint - "s3.ap-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - APAC Cross Regional Private Endpoint - "s3.tok-ap-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - APAC Cross Regional Tokyo Private Endpoint - "s3.hkg-ap-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - APAC Cross Regional HongKong Private Endpoint - "s3.seo-ap-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - APAC Cross Regional Seoul Private Endpoint - "s3.mel01.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - Melbourne Single Site Endpoint - "s3.mel01.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - Melbourne Single Site Private Endpoint - "s3.tor01.objectstorage.softlayer.net" - Toronto Single Site Endpoint - "s3.tor01.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" - Toronto Single Site Private Endpoint #### --s3-endpoint Endpoint for OSS API. - Config: endpoint - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com" - East China 1 (Hangzhou) - "oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com" - East China 2 (Shanghai) - "oss-cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com" - North China 1 (Qingdao) - "oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com" - North China 2 (Beijing) - "oss-cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com" - North China 3 (Zhangjiakou) - "oss-cn-huhehaote.aliyuncs.com" - North China 5 (Huhehaote) - "oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com" - South China 1 (Shenzhen) - "oss-cn-hongkong.aliyuncs.com" - Hong Kong (Hong Kong) - "oss-us-west-1.aliyuncs.com" - US West 1 (Silicon Valley) - "oss-us-east-1.aliyuncs.com" - US East 1 (Virginia) - "oss-ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com" - Southeast Asia Southeast 1 (Singapore) - "oss-ap-southeast-2.aliyuncs.com" - Asia Pacific Southeast 2 (Sydney) - "oss-ap-southeast-3.aliyuncs.com" - Southeast Asia Southeast 3 (Kuala Lumpur) - "oss-ap-southeast-5.aliyuncs.com" - Asia Pacific Southeast 5 (Jakarta) - "oss-ap-northeast-1.aliyuncs.com" - Asia Pacific Northeast 1 (Japan) - "oss-ap-south-1.aliyuncs.com" - Asia Pacific South 1 (Mumbai) - "oss-eu-central-1.aliyuncs.com" - Central Europe 1 (Frankfurt) - "oss-eu-west-1.aliyuncs.com" - West Europe (London) - "oss-me-east-1.aliyuncs.com" - Middle East 1 (Dubai) #### --s3-endpoint Endpoint for StackPath Object Storage. - Config: endpoint - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "s3.us-east-2.stackpathstorage.com" - US East Endpoint - "s3.us-west-1.stackpathstorage.com" - US West Endpoint - "s3.eu-central-1.stackpathstorage.com" - EU Endpoint #### --s3-endpoint Endpoint for S3 API. Required when using an S3 clone. - Config: endpoint - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENDPOINT - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "objects-us-east-1.dream.io" - Dream Objects endpoint - "nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com" - Digital Ocean Spaces New York 3 - "ams3.digitaloceanspaces.com" - Digital Ocean Spaces Amsterdam 3 - "sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com" - Digital Ocean Spaces Singapore 1 - "s3.wasabisys.com" - Wasabi US East endpoint - "s3.us-west-1.wasabisys.com" - Wasabi US West endpoint - "s3.eu-central-1.wasabisys.com" - Wasabi EU Central endpoint #### --s3-location-constraint Location constraint - must be set to match the Region. Used when creating buckets only. - Config: location_constraint - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_LOCATION_CONSTRAINT - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "" - Empty for US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest. - "us-east-2" - US East (Ohio) Region. - "us-west-2" - US West (Oregon) Region. - "us-west-1" - US West (Northern California) Region. - "ca-central-1" - Canada (Central) Region. - "eu-west-1" - EU (Ireland) Region. - "eu-west-2" - EU (London) Region. - "eu-north-1" - EU (Stockholm) Region. - "EU" - EU Region. - "ap-southeast-1" - Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region. - "ap-southeast-2" - Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region. - "ap-northeast-1" - Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region. - "ap-northeast-2" - Asia Pacific (Seoul) - "ap-south-1" - Asia Pacific (Mumbai) - "ap-east-1" - Asia Pacific (Hong Kong) - "sa-east-1" - South America (Sao Paulo) Region. #### --s3-location-constraint Location constraint - must match endpoint when using IBM Cloud Public. For on-prem COS, do not make a selection from this list, hit enter - Config: location_constraint - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_LOCATION_CONSTRAINT - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "us-standard" - US Cross Region Standard - "us-vault" - US Cross Region Vault - "us-cold" - US Cross Region Cold - "us-flex" - US Cross Region Flex - "us-east-standard" - US East Region Standard - "us-east-vault" - US East Region Vault - "us-east-cold" - US East Region Cold - "us-east-flex" - US East Region Flex - "us-south-standard" - US South Region Standard - "us-south-vault" - US South Region Vault - "us-south-cold" - US South Region Cold - "us-south-flex" - US South Region Flex - "eu-standard" - EU Cross Region Standard - "eu-vault" - EU Cross Region Vault - "eu-cold" - EU Cross Region Cold - "eu-flex" - EU Cross Region Flex - "eu-gb-standard" - Great Britain Standard - "eu-gb-vault" - Great Britain Vault - "eu-gb-cold" - Great Britain Cold - "eu-gb-flex" - Great Britain Flex - "ap-standard" - APAC Standard - "ap-vault" - APAC Vault - "ap-cold" - APAC Cold - "ap-flex" - APAC Flex - "mel01-standard" - Melbourne Standard - "mel01-vault" - Melbourne Vault - "mel01-cold" - Melbourne Cold - "mel01-flex" - Melbourne Flex - "tor01-standard" - Toronto Standard - "tor01-vault" - Toronto Vault - "tor01-cold" - Toronto Cold - "tor01-flex" - Toronto Flex #### --s3-location-constraint Location constraint - must be set to match the Region. Leave blank if not sure. Used when creating buckets only. - Config: location_constraint - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_LOCATION_CONSTRAINT - Type: string - Default: "" #### --s3-acl Canned ACL used when creating buckets and storing or copying objects. This ACL is used for creating objects and if bucket_acl isn't set, for creating buckets too. For more info visit https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl Note that this ACL is applied when server side copying objects as S3 doesn't copy the ACL from the source but rather writes a fresh one. - Config: acl - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ACL - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "private" - Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default). - "public-read" - Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ access. - "public-read-write" - Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access. - Granting this on a bucket is generally not recommended. - "authenticated-read" - Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AuthenticatedUsers group gets READ access. - "bucket-owner-read" - Object owner gets FULL_CONTROL. Bucket owner gets READ access. - If you specify this canned ACL when creating a bucket, Amazon S3 ignores it. - "bucket-owner-full-control" - Both the object owner and the bucket owner get FULL_CONTROL over the object. - If you specify this canned ACL when creating a bucket, Amazon S3 ignores it. - "private" - Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default). This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), IBM Cloud (Storage), On-Premise COS - "public-read" - Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ access. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), IBM Cloud (Storage), On-Premise IBM COS - "public-read-write" - Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), On-Premise IBM COS - "authenticated-read" - Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AuthenticatedUsers group gets READ access. Not supported on Buckets. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra) and On-Premise IBM COS #### --s3-server-side-encryption The server-side encryption algorithm used when storing this object in S3. - Config: server_side_encryption - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "" - None - "AES256" - AES256 - "aws:kms" - aws:kms #### --s3-sse-kms-key-id If using KMS ID you must provide the ARN of Key. - Config: sse_kms_key_id - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SSE_KMS_KEY_ID - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "" - None - "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:*" - arn:aws:kms:* #### --s3-storage-class The storage class to use when storing new objects in S3. - Config: storage_class - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_STORAGE_CLASS - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "" - Default - "STANDARD" - Standard storage class - "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY" - Reduced redundancy storage class - "STANDARD_IA" - Standard Infrequent Access storage class - "ONEZONE_IA" - One Zone Infrequent Access storage class - "GLACIER" - Glacier storage class - "DEEP_ARCHIVE" - Glacier Deep Archive storage class - "INTELLIGENT_TIERING" - Intelligent-Tiering storage class #### --s3-storage-class The storage class to use when storing new objects in OSS. - Config: storage_class - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_STORAGE_CLASS - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "" - Default - "STANDARD" - Standard storage class - "GLACIER" - Archive storage mode. - "STANDARD_IA" - Infrequent access storage mode. ### Advanced Options Here are the advanced options specific to s3 (Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Provider (AWS, Alibaba, Ceph, Digital Ocean, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio, etc)). #### --s3-bucket-acl Canned ACL used when creating buckets. For more info visit https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl Note that this ACL is applied when only when creating buckets. If it isn't set then "acl" is used instead. - Config: bucket_acl - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_BUCKET_ACL - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "private" - Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default). - "public-read" - Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ access. - "public-read-write" - Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access. - Granting this on a bucket is generally not recommended. - "authenticated-read" - Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AuthenticatedUsers group gets READ access. #### --s3-sse-customer-algorithm If using SSE-C, the server-side encryption algorithm used when storing this object in S3. - Config: sse_customer_algorithm - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SSE_CUSTOMER_ALGORITHM - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "" - None - "AES256" - AES256 #### --s3-sse-customer-key If using SSE-C you must provide the secret encryption key used to encrypt/decrypt your data. - Config: sse_customer_key - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SSE_CUSTOMER_KEY - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "" - None #### --s3-sse-customer-key-md5 If using SSE-C you must provide the secret encryption key MD5 checksum. - Config: sse_customer_key_md5 - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SSE_CUSTOMER_KEY_MD5 - Type: string - Default: "" - Examples: - "" - None #### --s3-upload-cutoff Cutoff for switching to chunked upload Any files larger than this will be uploaded in chunks of chunk_size. The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 5GB. - Config: upload_cutoff - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_UPLOAD_CUTOFF - Type: SizeSuffix - Default: 200M #### --s3-chunk-size Chunk size to use for uploading. When uploading files larger than upload_cutoff or files with unknown size (eg from "rclone rcat" or uploaded with "rclone mount" or google photos or google docs) they will be uploaded as multipart uploads using this chunk size. Note that "--s3-upload-concurrency" chunks of this size are buffered in memory per transfer. If you are transferring large files over high speed links and you have enough memory, then increasing this will speed up the transfers. Rclone will automatically increase the chunk size when uploading a large file of known size to stay below the 10,000 chunks limit. Files of unknown size are uploaded with the configured chunk_size. Since the default chunk size is 5MB and there can be at most 10,000 chunks, this means that by default the maximum size of file you can stream upload is 48GB. If you wish to stream upload larger files then you will need to increase chunk_size. - Config: chunk_size - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_CHUNK_SIZE - Type: SizeSuffix - Default: 5M #### --s3-copy-cutoff Cutoff for switching to multipart copy Any files larger than this that need to be server side copied will be copied in chunks of this size. The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 5GB. - Config: copy_cutoff - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_COPY_CUTOFF - Type: SizeSuffix - Default: 5G #### --s3-disable-checksum Don't store MD5 checksum with object metadata Normally rclone will calculate the MD5 checksum of the input before uploading it so it can add it to metadata on the object. This is great for data integrity checking but can cause long delays for large files to start uploading. - Config: disable_checksum - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_DISABLE_CHECKSUM - Type: bool - Default: false #### --s3-session-token An AWS session token - Config: session_token - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_SESSION_TOKEN - Type: string - Default: "" #### --s3-upload-concurrency Concurrency for multipart uploads. This is the number of chunks of the same file that are uploaded concurrently. If you are uploading small numbers of large file over high speed link and these uploads do not fully utilize your bandwidth, then increasing this may help to speed up the transfers. - Config: upload_concurrency - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_UPLOAD_CONCURRENCY - Type: int - Default: 4 #### --s3-force-path-style If true use path style access if false use virtual hosted style. If this is true (the default) then rclone will use path style access, if false then rclone will use virtual path style. See [the AWS S3 docs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/UsingBucket.html#access-bucket-intro) for more info. Some providers (eg AWS, Aliyun OSS or Netease COS) require this set to false - rclone will do this automatically based on the provider setting. - Config: force_path_style - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE - Type: bool - Default: true #### --s3-v2-auth If true use v2 authentication. If this is false (the default) then rclone will use v4 authentication. If it is set then rclone will use v2 authentication. Use this only if v4 signatures don't work, eg pre Jewel/v10 CEPH. - Config: v2_auth - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_V2_AUTH - Type: bool - Default: false #### --s3-use-accelerate-endpoint If true use the AWS S3 accelerated endpoint. See: [AWS S3 Transfer acceleration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/transfer-acceleration-examples.html) - Config: use_accelerate_endpoint - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_USE_ACCELERATE_ENDPOINT - Type: bool - Default: false #### --s3-leave-parts-on-error If true avoid calling abort upload on a failure, leaving all successfully uploaded parts on S3 for manual recovery. It should be set to true for resuming uploads across different sessions. WARNING: Storing parts of an incomplete multipart upload counts towards space usage on S3 and will add additional costs if not cleaned up. - Config: leave_parts_on_error - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_LEAVE_PARTS_ON_ERROR - Type: bool - Default: false #### --s3-list-chunk Size of listing chunk (response list for each ListObject S3 request). This option is also known as "MaxKeys", "max-items", or "page-size" from the AWS S3 specification. Most services truncate the response list to 1000 objects even if requested more than that. In AWS S3 this is a global maximum and cannot be changed, see [AWS S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/s3/ls.html). In Ceph, this can be increased with the "rgw list buckets max chunk" option. - Config: list_chunk - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_LIST_CHUNK - Type: int - Default: 1000 #### --s3-encoding This sets the encoding for the backend. See: the [encoding section in the overview](/overview/#encoding) for more info. - Config: encoding - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_ENCODING - Type: MultiEncoder - Default: Slash,InvalidUtf8,Dot #### --s3-memory-pool-flush-time How often internal memory buffer pools will be flushed. Uploads which requires additional buffers (f.e multipart) will use memory pool for allocations. This option controls how often unused buffers will be removed from the pool. - Config: memory_pool_flush_time - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_MEMORY_POOL_FLUSH_TIME - Type: Duration - Default: 1m0s #### --s3-memory-pool-use-mmap Whether to use mmap buffers in internal memory pool. - Config: memory_pool_use_mmap - Env Var: RCLONE_S3_MEMORY_POOL_USE_MMAP - Type: bool - Default: false {{< rem autogenerated options stop >}} ### Anonymous access to public buckets ### If you want to use rclone to access a public bucket, configure with a blank `access_key_id` and `secret_access_key`. Your config should end up looking like this: ``` [anons3] type = s3 provider = AWS env_auth = false access_key_id = secret_access_key = region = us-east-1 endpoint = location_constraint = acl = private server_side_encryption = storage_class = ``` Then use it as normal with the name of the public bucket, eg rclone lsd anons3:1000genomes You will be able to list and copy data but not upload it. ### Ceph ### [Ceph](https://ceph.com/) is an open source unified, distributed storage system designed for excellent performance, reliability and scalability. It has an S3 compatible object storage interface. To use rclone with Ceph, configure as above but leave the region blank and set the endpoint. You should end up with something like this in your config: ``` [ceph] type = s3 provider = Ceph env_auth = false access_key_id = XXX secret_access_key = YYY region = endpoint = https://ceph.endpoint.example.com location_constraint = acl = server_side_encryption = storage_class = ``` If you are using an older version of CEPH, eg 10.2.x Jewel, then you may need to supply the parameter `--s3-upload-cutoff 0` or put this in the config file as `upload_cutoff 0` to work around a bug which causes uploading of small files to fail. Note also that Ceph sometimes puts `/` in the passwords it gives users. If you read the secret access key using the command line tools you will get a JSON blob with the `/` escaped as `\/`. Make sure you only write `/` in the secret access key. Eg the dump from Ceph looks something like this (irrelevant keys removed). ``` { "user_id": "xxx", "display_name": "xxxx", "keys": [ { "user": "xxx", "access_key": "xxxxxx", "secret_key": "xxxxxx\/xxxx" } ], } ``` Because this is a json dump, it is encoding the `/` as `\/`, so if you use the secret key as `xxxxxx/xxxx` it will work fine. ### Dreamhost ### Dreamhost [DreamObjects](https://www.dreamhost.com/cloud/storage/) is an object storage system based on CEPH. To use rclone with Dreamhost, configure as above but leave the region blank and set the endpoint. You should end up with something like this in your config: ``` [dreamobjects] type = s3 provider = DreamHost env_auth = false access_key_id = your_access_key secret_access_key = your_secret_key region = endpoint = objects-us-west-1.dream.io location_constraint = acl = private server_side_encryption = storage_class = ``` ### DigitalOcean Spaces ### [Spaces](https://www.digitalocean.com/products/object-storage/) is an [S3-interoperable](https://developers.digitalocean.com/documentation/spaces/) object storage service from cloud provider DigitalOcean. To connect to DigitalOcean Spaces you will need an access key and secret key. These can be retrieved on the "[Applications & API](https://cloud.digitalocean.com/settings/api/tokens)" page of the DigitalOcean control panel. They will be needed when prompted by `rclone config` for your `access_key_id` and `secret_access_key`. When prompted for a `region` or `location_constraint`, press enter to use the default value. The region must be included in the `endpoint` setting (e.g. `nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com`). The default values can be used for other settings. Going through the whole process of creating a new remote by running `rclone config`, each prompt should be answered as shown below: ``` Storage> s3 env_auth> 1 access_key_id> YOUR_ACCESS_KEY secret_access_key> YOUR_SECRET_KEY region> endpoint> nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com location_constraint> acl> storage_class> ``` The resulting configuration file should look like: ``` [spaces] type = s3 provider = DigitalOcean env_auth = false access_key_id = YOUR_ACCESS_KEY secret_access_key = YOUR_SECRET_KEY region = endpoint = nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com location_constraint = acl = server_side_encryption = storage_class = ``` Once configured, you can create a new Space and begin copying files. For example: ``` rclone mkdir spaces:my-new-space rclone copy /path/to/files spaces:my-new-space ``` ### IBM COS (S3) ### Information stored with IBM Cloud Object Storage is encrypted and dispersed across multiple geographic locations, and accessed through an implementation of the S3 API. This service makes use of the distributed storage technologies provided by IBM’s Cloud Object Storage System (formerly Cleversafe). For more information visit: (http://www.ibm.com/cloud/object-storage) To configure access to IBM COS S3, follow the steps below: 1. Run rclone config and select n for a new remote. ``` 2018/02/14 14:13:11 NOTICE: Config file "C:\\Users\\a\\.config\\rclone\\rclone.conf" not found - using defaults No remotes found - make a new one n) New remote s) Set configuration password q) Quit config n/s/q> n ``` 2. Enter the name for the configuration ``` name> ``` 3. Select "s3" storage. ``` Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Alias for an existing remote \ "alias" 2 / Amazon Drive \ "amazon cloud drive" 3 / Amazon S3 Complaint Storage Providers (Dreamhost, Ceph, Minio, IBM COS) \ "s3" 4 / Backblaze B2 \ "b2" [snip] 23 / http Connection \ "http" Storage> 3 ``` 4. Select IBM COS as the S3 Storage Provider. ``` Choose the S3 provider. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Choose this option to configure Storage to AWS S3 \ "AWS" 2 / Choose this option to configure Storage to Ceph Systems \ "Ceph" 3 / Choose this option to configure Storage to Dreamhost \ "Dreamhost" 4 / Choose this option to the configure Storage to IBM COS S3 \ "IBMCOS" 5 / Choose this option to the configure Storage to Minio \ "Minio" Provider>4 ``` 5. Enter the Access Key and Secret. ``` AWS Access Key ID - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials. access_key_id> <> AWS Secret Access Key (password) - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials. secret_access_key> <> ``` 6. Specify the endpoint for IBM COS. For Public IBM COS, choose from the option below. For On Premise IBM COS, enter an enpoint address. ``` Endpoint for IBM COS S3 API. Specify if using an IBM COS On Premise. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / US Cross Region Endpoint \ "s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" 2 / US Cross Region Dallas Endpoint \ "s3-api.dal.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" 3 / US Cross Region Washington DC Endpoint \ "s3-api.wdc-us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" 4 / US Cross Region San Jose Endpoint \ "s3-api.sjc-us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net" 5 / US Cross Region Private Endpoint \ "s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" 6 / US Cross Region Dallas Private Endpoint \ "s3-api.dal-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" 7 / US Cross Region Washington DC Private Endpoint \ "s3-api.wdc-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" 8 / US Cross Region San Jose Private Endpoint \ "s3-api.sjc-us-geo.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" 9 / US Region East Endpoint \ "s3.us-east.objectstorage.softlayer.net" 10 / US Region East Private Endpoint \ "s3.us-east.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" 11 / US Region South Endpoint [snip] 34 / Toronto Single Site Private Endpoint \ "s3.tor01.objectstorage.service.networklayer.com" endpoint>1 ``` 7. Specify a IBM COS Location Constraint. The location constraint must match endpoint when using IBM Cloud Public. For on-prem COS, do not make a selection from this list, hit enter ``` 1 / US Cross Region Standard \ "us-standard" 2 / US Cross Region Vault \ "us-vault" 3 / US Cross Region Cold \ "us-cold" 4 / US Cross Region Flex \ "us-flex" 5 / US East Region Standard \ "us-east-standard" 6 / US East Region Vault \ "us-east-vault" 7 / US East Region Cold \ "us-east-cold" 8 / US East Region Flex \ "us-east-flex" 9 / US South Region Standard \ "us-south-standard" 10 / US South Region Vault \ "us-south-vault" [snip] 32 / Toronto Flex \ "tor01-flex" location_constraint>1 ``` 9. Specify a canned ACL. IBM Cloud (Strorage) supports "public-read" and "private". IBM Cloud(Infra) supports all the canned ACLs. On-Premise COS supports all the canned ACLs. ``` Canned ACL used when creating buckets and/or storing objects in S3. For more info visit https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default). This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), IBM Cloud (Storage), On-Premise COS \ "private" 2 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ access. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), IBM Cloud (Storage), On-Premise IBM COS \ "public-read" 3 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra), On-Premise IBM COS \ "public-read-write" 4 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AuthenticatedUsers group gets READ access. Not supported on Buckets. This acl is available on IBM Cloud (Infra) and On-Premise IBM COS \ "authenticated-read" acl> 1 ``` 12. Review the displayed configuration and accept to save the "remote" then quit. The config file should look like this ``` [xxx] type = s3 Provider = IBMCOS access_key_id = xxx secret_access_key = yyy endpoint = s3-api.us-geo.objectstorage.softlayer.net location_constraint = us-standard acl = private ``` 13. Execute rclone commands ``` 1) Create a bucket. rclone mkdir IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket 2) List available buckets. rclone lsd IBM-COS-XREGION: -1 2017-11-08 21:16:22 -1 test -1 2018-02-14 20:16:39 -1 newbucket 3) List contents of a bucket. rclone ls IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket 18685952 test.exe 4) Copy a file from local to remote. rclone copy /Users/file.txt IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket 5) Copy a file from remote to local. rclone copy IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket/file.txt . 6) Delete a file on remote. rclone delete IBM-COS-XREGION:newbucket/file.txt ``` ### Minio ### [Minio](https://minio.io/) is an object storage server built for cloud application developers and devops. It is very easy to install and provides an S3 compatible server which can be used by rclone. To use it, install Minio following the instructions [here](https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio-quickstart-guide). When it configures itself Minio will print something like this ``` Endpoint: http://192.168.1.106:9000 http://172.23.0.1:9000 AccessKey: USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE SecretKey: MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03 Region: us-east-1 SQS ARNs: arn:minio:sqs:us-east-1:1:redis arn:minio:sqs:us-east-1:2:redis Browser Access: http://192.168.1.106:9000 http://172.23.0.1:9000 Command-line Access: https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide $ mc config host add myminio http://192.168.1.106:9000 USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03 Object API (Amazon S3 compatible): Go: https://docs.minio.io/docs/golang-client-quickstart-guide Java: https://docs.minio.io/docs/java-client-quickstart-guide Python: https://docs.minio.io/docs/python-client-quickstart-guide JavaScript: https://docs.minio.io/docs/javascript-client-quickstart-guide .NET: https://docs.minio.io/docs/dotnet-client-quickstart-guide Drive Capacity: 26 GiB Free, 165 GiB Total ``` These details need to go into `rclone config` like this. Note that it is important to put the region in as stated above. ``` env_auth> 1 access_key_id> USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE secret_access_key> MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03 region> us-east-1 endpoint> http://192.168.1.106:9000 location_constraint> server_side_encryption> ``` Which makes the config file look like this ``` [minio] type = s3 provider = Minio env_auth = false access_key_id = USWUXHGYZQYFYFFIT3RE secret_access_key = MOJRH0mkL1IPauahWITSVvyDrQbEEIwljvmxdq03 region = us-east-1 endpoint = http://192.168.1.106:9000 location_constraint = server_side_encryption = ``` So once set up, for example to copy files into a bucket ``` rclone copy /path/to/files minio:bucket ``` ### Scaleway {#scaleway} [Scaleway](https://www.scaleway.com/object-storage/) The Object Storage platform allows you to store anything from backups, logs and web assets to documents and photos. Files can be dropped from the Scaleway console or transferred through our API and CLI or using any S3-compatible tool. Scaleway provides an S3 interface which can be configured for use with rclone like this: ``` [scaleway] type = s3 provider = Scaleway env_auth = false endpoint = s3.nl-ams.scw.cloud access_key_id = SCWXXXXXXXXXXXXXX secret_access_key = 1111111-2222-3333-44444-55555555555555 region = nl-ams location_constraint = acl = private server_side_encryption = storage_class = ``` ### Wasabi ### [Wasabi](https://wasabi.com) is a cloud-based object storage service for a broad range of applications and use cases. Wasabi is designed for individuals and organizations that require a high-performance, reliable, and secure data storage infrastructure at minimal cost. Wasabi provides an S3 interface which can be configured for use with rclone like this. ``` No remotes found - make a new one n) New remote s) Set configuration password n/s> n name> wasabi Type of storage to configure. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value [snip] XX / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph, Minio) \ "s3" [snip] Storage> s3 Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta data if no env vars). Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Enter AWS credentials in the next step \ "false" 2 / Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM) \ "true" env_auth> 1 AWS Access Key ID - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials. access_key_id> YOURACCESSKEY AWS Secret Access Key (password) - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials. secret_access_key> YOURSECRETACCESSKEY Region to connect to. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value / The default endpoint - a good choice if you are unsure. 1 | US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest. | Leave location constraint empty. \ "us-east-1" [snip] region> us-east-1 Endpoint for S3 API. Leave blank if using AWS to use the default endpoint for the region. Specify if using an S3 clone such as Ceph. endpoint> s3.wasabisys.com Location constraint - must be set to match the Region. Used when creating buckets only. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Empty for US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest. \ "" [snip] location_constraint> Canned ACL used when creating buckets and/or storing objects in S3. For more info visit https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default). \ "private" [snip] acl> The server-side encryption algorithm used when storing this object in S3. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / None \ "" 2 / AES256 \ "AES256" server_side_encryption> The storage class to use when storing objects in S3. Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Default \ "" 2 / Standard storage class \ "STANDARD" 3 / Reduced redundancy storage class \ "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY" 4 / Standard Infrequent Access storage class \ "STANDARD_IA" storage_class> Remote config -------------------- [wasabi] env_auth = false access_key_id = YOURACCESSKEY secret_access_key = YOURSECRETACCESSKEY region = us-east-1 endpoint = s3.wasabisys.com location_constraint = acl = server_side_encryption = storage_class = -------------------- y) Yes this is OK e) Edit this remote d) Delete this remote y/e/d> y ``` This will leave the config file looking like this. ``` [wasabi] type = s3 provider = Wasabi env_auth = false access_key_id = YOURACCESSKEY secret_access_key = YOURSECRETACCESSKEY region = endpoint = s3.wasabisys.com location_constraint = acl = server_side_encryption = storage_class = ``` ### Alibaba OSS {#alibaba-oss} Here is an example of making an [Alibaba Cloud (Aliyun) OSS](https://www.alibabacloud.com/product/oss/) configuration. First run: rclone config This will guide you through an interactive setup process. ``` No remotes found - make a new one n) New remote s) Set configuration password q) Quit config n/s/q> n name> oss Type of storage to configure. Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default (""). Choose a number from below, or type in your own value [snip] 4 / Amazon S3 Compliant Storage Provider (AWS, Alibaba, Ceph, Digital Ocean, Dreamhost, IBM COS, Minio, etc) \ "s3" [snip] Storage> s3 Choose your S3 provider. Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default (""). Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 \ "AWS" 2 / Alibaba Cloud Object Storage System (OSS) formerly Aliyun \ "Alibaba" 3 / Ceph Object Storage \ "Ceph" [snip] provider> Alibaba Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2/ECS meta data if no env vars). Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank. Enter a boolean value (true or false). Press Enter for the default ("false"). Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Enter AWS credentials in the next step \ "false" 2 / Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM) \ "true" env_auth> 1 AWS Access Key ID. Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials. Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default (""). access_key_id> accesskeyid AWS Secret Access Key (password) Leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials. Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default (""). secret_access_key> secretaccesskey Endpoint for OSS API. Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default (""). Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / East China 1 (Hangzhou) \ "oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com" 2 / East China 2 (Shanghai) \ "oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com" 3 / North China 1 (Qingdao) \ "oss-cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com" [snip] endpoint> 1 Canned ACL used when creating buckets and storing or copying objects. Note that this ACL is applied when server side copying objects as S3 doesn't copy the ACL from the source but rather writes a fresh one. Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default (""). Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. No one else has access rights (default). \ "private" 2 / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ access. \ "public-read" / Owner gets FULL_CONTROL. The AllUsers group gets READ and WRITE access. [snip] acl> 1 The storage class to use when storing new objects in OSS. Enter a string value. Press Enter for the default (""). Choose a number from below, or type in your own value 1 / Default \ "" 2 / Standard storage class \ "STANDARD" 3 / Archive storage mode. \ "GLACIER" 4 / Infrequent access storage mode. \ "STANDARD_IA" storage_class> 1 Edit advanced config? (y/n) y) Yes n) No y/n> n Remote config -------------------- [oss] type = s3 provider = Alibaba env_auth = false access_key_id = accesskeyid secret_access_key = secretaccesskey endpoint = oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com acl = private storage_class = Standard -------------------- y) Yes this is OK e) Edit this remote d) Delete this remote y/e/d> y ``` ### Netease NOS ### For Netease NOS configure as per the configurator `rclone config` setting the provider `Netease`. This will automatically set `force_path_style = false` which is necessary for it to run properly.