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2824 lines
86 KiB
Plaintext
2824 lines
86 KiB
Plaintext
rclone(1) User Manual
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Nick Craig-Wood
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Jan 31, 2016
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RCLONE
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[Logo]
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Rclone is a command line program to sync files and directories to and
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from
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- Google Drive
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- Amazon S3
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- Openstack Swift / Rackspace cloud files / Memset Memstore
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- Dropbox
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- Google Cloud Storage
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- Amazon Cloud Drive
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- Microsoft One Drive
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- Hubic
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- Backblaze B2
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- Yandex Disk
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- The local filesystem
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Features
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- MD5/SHA1 hashes checked at all times for file integrity
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- Timestamps preserved on files
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- Partial syncs supported on a whole file basis
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- Copy mode to just copy new/changed files
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- Sync (one way) mode to make a directory identical
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- Check mode to check for file hash equality
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- Can sync to and from network, eg two different cloud accounts
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Links
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- Home page
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- Github project page for source and bug tracker
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- Google+ page
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- Downloads
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Install
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Rclone is a Go program and comes as a single binary file.
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Download the relevant binary.
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Or alternatively if you have Go installed use
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go get github.com/ncw/rclone
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and this will build the binary in $GOPATH/bin. If you have built rclone
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before then you will want to update its dependencies first with this
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(remove -f if using go < 1.4)
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go get -u -v -f github.com/ncw/rclone/...
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See the Usage section of the docs for how to use rclone, or run
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rclone -h.
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linux binary downloaded files install example
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unzip rclone-v1.17-linux-amd64.zip
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cd rclone-v1.17-linux-amd64
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#copy binary file
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sudo cp rclone /usr/sbin/
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sudo chown root:root /usr/sbin/rclone
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sudo chmod 755 /usr/sbin/rclone
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#install manpage
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sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/share/man/man1
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sudo cp rclone.1 /usr/local/share/man/man1/
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sudo mandb
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Configure
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First you'll need to configure rclone. As the object storage systems
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have quite complicated authentication these are kept in a config file
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.rclone.conf in your home directory by default. (You can use the
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--config option to choose a different config file.)
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The easiest way to make the config is to run rclone with the config
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option:
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rclone config
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See the following for detailed instructions for
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- Google drive
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- Amazon S3
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- Swift / Rackspace Cloudfiles / Memset Memstore
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- Dropbox
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- Google Cloud Storage
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- Local filesystem
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- Amazon Cloud Drive
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- Backblaze B2
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- Hubic
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- Microsoft One Drive
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- Yandex Disk
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Usage
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Rclone syncs a directory tree from one storage system to another.
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Its syntax is like this
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Syntax: [options] subcommand <parameters> <parameters...>
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Source and destination paths are specified by the name you gave the
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storage system in the config file then the sub path, eg "drive:myfolder"
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to look at "myfolder" in Google drive.
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You can define as many storage paths as you like in the config file.
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Subcommands
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rclone copy source:path dest:path
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Copy the source to the destination. Doesn't transfer unchanged files,
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testing by size and modification time or MD5SUM. Doesn't delete files
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from the destination.
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Note that it is always the contents of the directory that is synced, not
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the directory so when source:path is a directory, it's the contents of
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source:path that are copied, not the directory name and contents.
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If dest:path doesn't exist, it is created and the source:path contents
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go there.
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For example
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rclone copy source:sourcepath dest:destpath
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Let's say there are two files in sourcepath
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sourcepath/one.txt
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sourcepath/two.txt
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This copies them to
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destpath/one.txt
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destpath/two.txt
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Not to
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destpath/sourcepath/one.txt
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destpath/sourcepath/two.txt
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If you are familiar with rsync, rclone always works as if you had
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written a trailing / - meaning "copy the contents of this directory".
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This applies to all commands and whether you are talking about the
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source or destination.
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rclone sync source:path dest:path
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Sync the source to the destination, changing the destination only.
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Doesn't transfer unchanged files, testing by size and modification time
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or MD5SUM. Destination is updated to match source, including deleting
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files if necessary.
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IMPORTANT: Since this can cause data loss, test first with the --dry-run
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flag to see exactly what would be copied and deleted.
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Note that files in the destination won't be deleted if there were any
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errors at any point.
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It is always the contents of the directory that is synced, not the
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directory so when source:path is a directory, it's the contents of
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source:path that are copied, not the directory name and contents. See
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extended explanation in the copy command above if unsure.
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If dest:path doesn't exist, it is created and the source:path contents
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go there.
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rclone ls remote:path
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List all the objects in the the path with size and path.
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rclone lsd remote:path
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List all directories/containers/buckets in the the path.
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rclone lsl remote:path
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List all the objects in the the path with modification time, size and
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path.
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rclone md5sum remote:path
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Produces an md5sum file for all the objects in the path. This is in the
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same format as the standard md5sum tool produces.
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rclone sha1sum remote:path
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Produces an sha1sum file for all the objects in the path. This is in the
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same format as the standard sha1sum tool produces.
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rclone size remote:path
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Prints the total size of objects in remote:path and the number of
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objects.
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rclone mkdir remote:path
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Make the path if it doesn't already exist
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rclone rmdir remote:path
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Remove the path. Note that you can't remove a path with objects in it,
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use purge for that.
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rclone purge remote:path
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Remove the path and all of its contents. Note that this does not obey
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include/exclude filters - everything will be removed. Use delete if you
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want to selectively delete files.
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rclone delete remote:path
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Remove the contents of path. Unlike purge it obeys include/exclude
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filters so can be used to selectively delete files.
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Eg delete all files bigger than 100MBytes
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Check what would be deleted first (use either)
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rclone --min-size 100M lsl remote:path
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rclone --dry-run --min-size 100M delete remote:path
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Then delete
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rclone --min-size 100M delete remote:path
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That reads "delete everything with a minimum size of 100 MB", hence
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delete all files bigger than 100MBytes.
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rclone check source:path dest:path
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Checks the files in the source and destination match. It compares sizes
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and MD5SUMs and prints a report of files which don't match. It doesn't
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alter the source or destination.
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rclone dedupe remote:path
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Interactively find duplicate files and offer to delete all but one or
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rename them to be different. Only useful with Google Drive which can
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have duplicate file names.
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$ rclone dedupe drive:dupes
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2016/01/31 14:13:11 Google drive root 'dupes': Looking for duplicates
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two.txt: Found 3 duplicates
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1: 564374 bytes, 2016-01-31 14:07:22.159000000, md5sum 7594e7dc9fc28f727c42ee3e0749de81
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2: 1744073 bytes, 2016-01-31 14:07:12.490000000, md5sum 851957f7fb6f0bc4ce76be966d336802
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3: 6048320 bytes, 2016-01-31 14:07:02.111000000, md5sum 1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36
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s) Skip and do nothing
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k) Keep just one (choose which in next step)
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r) Rename all to be different (by changing file.jpg to file-1.jpg)
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s/k/r> r
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two-1.txt: renamed from: two.txt
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two-2.txt: renamed from: two.txt
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two-3.txt: renamed from: two.txt
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one.txt: Found 2 duplicates
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1: 6579 bytes, 2016-01-31 14:05:01.235000000, md5sum 2b76c776249409d925ae7ccd49aea59b
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2: 6579 bytes, 2016-01-31 12:50:30.318000000, md5sum 2b76c776249409d925ae7ccd49aea59b
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s) Skip and do nothing
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k) Keep just one (choose which in next step)
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r) Rename all to be different (by changing file.jpg to file-1.jpg)
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s/k/r> k
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Enter the number of the file to keep> 2
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one.txt: Deleted 1 extra copies
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The result being
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$ rclone lsl drive:dupes
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564374 2016-01-31 14:07:22.159000000 two-1.txt
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1744073 2016-01-31 14:07:12.490000000 two-2.txt
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6048320 2016-01-31 14:07:02.111000000 two-3.txt
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6579 2016-01-31 12:50:30.318000000 one.txt
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rclone config
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Enter an interactive configuration session.
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rclone help
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Prints help on rclone commands and options.
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Server Side Copy
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Drive, S3, Dropbox, Swift and Google Cloud Storage support server side
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copy.
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This means if you want to copy one folder to another then rclone won't
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download all the files and re-upload them; it will instruct the server
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to copy them in place.
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Eg
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rclone copy s3:oldbucket s3:newbucket
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Will copy the contents of oldbucket to newbucket without downloading and
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re-uploading.
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Remotes which don't support server side copy (eg local) WILL download
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and re-upload in this case.
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Server side copies are used with sync and copy and will be identified in
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the log when using the -v flag.
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Server side copies will only be attempted if the remote names are the
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same.
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This can be used when scripting to make aged backups efficiently, eg
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rclone sync remote:current-backup remote:previous-backup
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rclone sync /path/to/files remote:current-backup
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Options
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Rclone has a number of options to control its behaviour.
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Options which use TIME use the go time parser. A duration string is a
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possibly signed sequence of decimal numbers, each with optional fraction
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and a unit suffix, such as "300ms", "-1.5h" or "2h45m". Valid time units
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are "ns", "us" (or "µs"), "ms", "s", "m", "h".
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Options which use SIZE use kByte by default. However a suffix of k for
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kBytes, M for MBytes and G for GBytes may be used. These are the binary
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units, eg 2**10, 2**20, 2**30 respectively.
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--bwlimit=SIZE
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Bandwidth limit in kBytes/s, or use suffix k|M|G. The default is 0 which
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means to not limit bandwidth.
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For example to limit bandwidth usage to 10 MBytes/s use --bwlimit 10M
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This only limits the bandwidth of the data transfer, it doesn't limit
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the bandwith of the directory listings etc.
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--checkers=N
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The number of checkers to run in parallel. Checkers do the equality
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checking of files during a sync. For some storage systems (eg s3, swift,
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dropbox) this can take a significant amount of time so they are run in
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parallel.
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The default is to run 8 checkers in parallel.
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-c, --checksum
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Normally rclone will look at modification time and size of files to see
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if they are equal. If you set this flag then rclone will check the file
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hash and size to determine if files are equal.
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This is useful when the remote doesn't support setting modified time and
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a more accurate sync is desired than just checking the file size.
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This is very useful when transferring between remotes which store the
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same hash type on the object, eg Drive and Swift. For details of which
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remotes support which hash type see the table in the overview section.
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Eg rclone --checksum sync s3:/bucket swift:/bucket would run much
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quicker than without the --checksum flag.
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When using this flag, rclone won't update mtimes of remote files if they
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are incorrect as it would normally.
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--config=CONFIG_FILE
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Specify the location of the rclone config file. Normally this is in your
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home directory as a file called .rclone.conf. If you run rclone -h and
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look at the help for the --config option you will see where the default
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location is for you. Use this flag to override the config location, eg
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rclone --config=".myconfig" .config.
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--contimeout=TIME
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Set the connection timeout. This should be in go time format which looks
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like 5s for 5 seconds, 10m for 10 minutes, or 3h30m.
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The connection timeout is the amount of time rclone will wait for a
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connection to go through to a remote object storage system. It is 1m by
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default.
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-n, --dry-run
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Do a trial run with no permanent changes. Use this to see what rclone
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would do without actually doing it. Useful when setting up the sync
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command which deletes files in the destination.
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--ignore-existing
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Using this option will make rclone unconditionally skip all files that
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exist on the destination, no matter the content of these files.
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While this isn't a generally recommended option, it can be useful in
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cases where your files change due to encryption. However, it cannot
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correct partial transfers in case a transfer was interrupted.
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--log-file=FILE
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Log all of rclone's output to FILE. This is not active by default. This
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can be useful for tracking down problems with syncs in combination with
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the -v flag.
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--modify-window=TIME
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When checking whether a file has been modified, this is the maximum
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allowed time difference that a file can have and still be considered
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equivalent.
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The default is 1ns unless this is overridden by a remote. For example OS
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X only stores modification times to the nearest second so if you are
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reading and writing to an OS X filing system this will be 1s by default.
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This command line flag allows you to override that computed default.
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-q, --quiet
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Normally rclone outputs stats and a completion message. If you set this
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flag it will make as little output as possible.
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--retries int
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Retry the entire sync if it fails this many times it fails (default 3).
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Some remotes can be unreliable and a few retries helps pick up the files
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which didn't get transferred because of errors.
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Disable retries with --retries 1.
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--size-only
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Normally rclone will look at modification time and size of files to see
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if they are equal. If you set this flag then rclone will check only the
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size.
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This can be useful transferring files from dropbox which have been
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modified by the desktop sync client which doesn't set checksums of
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modification times in the same way as rclone.
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When using this flag, rclone won't update mtimes of remote files if they
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are incorrect as it would normally.
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--stats=TIME
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Rclone will print stats at regular intervals to show its progress.
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This sets the interval.
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The default is 1m. Use 0 to disable.
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--delete-(before,during,after)
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This option allows you to specify when files on your destination are
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deleted when you sync folders.
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Specifying the value --delete-before will delete all files present on
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the destination, but not on the source _before_ starting the transfer of
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any new or updated files.
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Specifying --delete-during (default value) will delete files while
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checking and uploading files. This is usually the fastest option.
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Specifying --delete-after will delay deletion of files until all
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new/updated files have been successfully transfered.
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--timeout=TIME
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This sets the IO idle timeout. If a transfer has started but then
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becomes idle for this long it is considered broken and disconnected.
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The default is 5m. Set to 0 to disable.
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--transfers=N
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The number of file transfers to run in parallel. It can sometimes be
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useful to set this to a smaller number if the remote is giving a lot of
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timeouts or bigger if you have lots of bandwidth and a fast remote.
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The default is to run 4 file transfers in parallel.
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-v, --verbose
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If you set this flag, rclone will become very verbose telling you about
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every file it considers and transfers.
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Very useful for debugging.
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-V, --version
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Prints the version number
|
||
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Developer options
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These options are useful when developing or debugging rclone. There are
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also some more remote specific options which aren't documented here
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which are used for testing. These start with remote name eg
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--drive-test-option - see the docs for the remote in question.
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--cpuprofile=FILE
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Write CPU profile to file. This can be analysed with go tool pprof.
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--dump-bodies
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Dump HTTP headers and bodies - may contain sensitive info. Can be very
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verbose. Useful for debugging only.
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--dump-filters
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Dump the filters to the output. Useful to see exactly what include and
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exclude options are filtering on.
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--dump-headers
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Dump HTTP headers - may contain sensitive info. Can be very verbose.
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Useful for debugging only.
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--memprofile=FILE
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Write memory profile to file. This can be analysed with go tool pprof.
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--no-check-certificate=true/false
|
||
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--no-check-certificate controls whether a client verifies the server's
|
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certificate chain and host name. If --no-check-certificate is true, TLS
|
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accepts any certificate presented by the server and any host name in
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that certificate. In this mode, TLS is susceptible to man-in-the-middle
|
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attacks.
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This option defaults to false.
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THIS SHOULD BE USED ONLY FOR TESTING.
|
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Filtering
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For the filtering options
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||
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||
- --delete-excluded
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- --filter
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||
- --filter-from
|
||
- --exclude
|
||
- --exclude-from
|
||
- --include
|
||
- --include-from
|
||
- --files-from
|
||
- --min-size
|
||
- --max-size
|
||
- --min-age
|
||
- --max-age
|
||
- --dump-filters
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||
|
||
See the filtering section.
|
||
|
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|
||
Exit Code
|
||
|
||
If any errors occurred during the command, rclone will set a non zero
|
||
exit code. This allows scripts to detect when rclone operations have
|
||
failed.
|
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|
||
|
||
CONFIGURING RCLONE ON A REMOTE / HEADLESS MACHINE
|
||
|
||
|
||
Some of the configurations (those involving oauth2) require an Internet
|
||
connected web browser.
|
||
|
||
If you are trying to set rclone up on a remote or headless box with no
|
||
browser available on it (eg a NAS or a server in a datacenter) then you
|
||
will need to use an alternative means of configuration. There are two
|
||
ways of doing it, described below.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Configuring using rclone authorize
|
||
|
||
On the headless box
|
||
|
||
...
|
||
Remote config
|
||
Use auto config?
|
||
* Say Y if not sure
|
||
* Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
|
||
y) Yes
|
||
n) No
|
||
y/n> n
|
||
For this to work, you will need rclone available on a machine that has a web browser available.
|
||
Execute the following on your machine:
|
||
rclone authorize "amazon cloud drive"
|
||
Then paste the result below:
|
||
result>
|
||
|
||
Then on your main desktop machine
|
||
|
||
rclone authorize "amazon cloud drive"
|
||
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
|
||
Log in and authorize rclone for access
|
||
Waiting for code...
|
||
Got code
|
||
Paste the following into your remote machine --->
|
||
SECRET_TOKEN
|
||
<---End paste
|
||
|
||
Then back to the headless box, paste in the code
|
||
|
||
result> SECRET_TOKEN
|
||
--------------------
|
||
[acd12]
|
||
client_id =
|
||
client_secret =
|
||
token = SECRET_TOKEN
|
||
--------------------
|
||
y) Yes this is OK
|
||
e) Edit this remote
|
||
d) Delete this remote
|
||
y/e/d>
|
||
|
||
|
||
Configuring by copying the config file
|
||
|
||
Rclone stores all of its config in a single configuration file. This can
|
||
easily be copied to configure a remote rclone.
|
||
|
||
So first configure rclone on your desktop machine
|
||
|
||
rclone config
|
||
|
||
to set up the config file.
|
||
|
||
Find the config file by running rclone -h and looking for the help for
|
||
the --config option
|
||
|
||
$ rclone -h
|
||
[snip]
|
||
--config="/home/user/.rclone.conf": Config file.
|
||
[snip]
|
||
|
||
Now transfer it to the remote box (scp, cut paste, ftp, sftp etc) and
|
||
place it in the correct place (use rclone -h on the remote box to find
|
||
out where).
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
FILTERING, INCLUDES AND EXCLUDES
|
||
|
||
|
||
Rclone has a sophisticated set of include and exclude rules. Some of
|
||
these are based on patterns and some on other things like file size.
|
||
|
||
The filters are applied for the copy, sync, move, ls, lsl, md5sum,
|
||
sha1sum, size, delete and check operations. Note that purge does not
|
||
obey the filters.
|
||
|
||
Each path as it passes through rclone is matched against the include and
|
||
exclude rules. The paths are matched without a leading /.
|
||
|
||
For example the files might be passed to the matching engine like this
|
||
|
||
- file1.jpg
|
||
- file2.jpg
|
||
- directory/file3.jpg
|
||
|
||
|
||
Patterns
|
||
|
||
The patterns used to match files for inclusion or exclusion are based on
|
||
"file globs" as used by the unix shell.
|
||
|
||
If the pattern starts with a / then it only matches at the top level of
|
||
the directory tree. If it doesn't start with / then it is matched
|
||
starting at the end of the path, but it will only match a complete path
|
||
element.
|
||
|
||
file.jpg - matches "file.jpg"
|
||
- matches "directory/file.jpg"
|
||
- doesn't match "afile.jpg"
|
||
- doesn't match "directory/afile.jpg"
|
||
/file.jpg - matches "file.jpg"
|
||
- doesn't match "afile.jpg"
|
||
- doesn't match "directory/file.jpg"
|
||
|
||
A * matches anything but not a /.
|
||
|
||
*.jpg - matches "file.jpg"
|
||
- matches "directory/file.jpg"
|
||
- doesn't match "file.jpg/something"
|
||
|
||
Use ** to match anything, including slashes (/).
|
||
|
||
dir/** - matches "dir/file.jpg"
|
||
- matches "dir/dir1/dir2/file.jpg"
|
||
- doesn't match "directory/file.jpg"
|
||
- doesn't match "adir/file.jpg"
|
||
|
||
A ? matches any character except a slash /.
|
||
|
||
l?ss - matches "less"
|
||
- matches "lass"
|
||
- doesn't match "floss"
|
||
|
||
A [ and ] together make a a character class, such as [a-z] or [aeiou] or
|
||
[[:alpha:]]. See the go regexp docs for more info on these.
|
||
|
||
h[ae]llo - matches "hello"
|
||
- matches "hallo"
|
||
- doesn't match "hullo"
|
||
|
||
A { and } define a choice between elements. It should contain a comma
|
||
seperated list of patterns, any of which might match. These patterns can
|
||
contain wildcards.
|
||
|
||
{one,two}_potato - matches "one_potato"
|
||
- matches "two_potato"
|
||
- doesn't match "three_potato"
|
||
- doesn't match "_potato"
|
||
|
||
Special characters can be escaped with a \ before them.
|
||
|
||
\*.jpg - matches "*.jpg"
|
||
\\.jpg - matches "\.jpg"
|
||
\[one\].jpg - matches "[one].jpg"
|
||
|
||
Differences between rsync and rclone patterns
|
||
|
||
Rclone implements bash style {a,b,c} glob matching which rsync doesn't.
|
||
|
||
Rclone ignores / at the end of a pattern.
|
||
|
||
Rclone always does a wildcard match so \ must always escape a \.
|
||
|
||
|
||
How the rules are used
|
||
|
||
Rclone maintains a list of include rules and exclude rules.
|
||
|
||
Each file is matched in order against the list until it finds a match.
|
||
The file is then included or excluded according to the rule type.
|
||
|
||
If the matcher falls off the bottom of the list then the path is
|
||
included.
|
||
|
||
For example given the following rules, + being include, - being exclude,
|
||
|
||
- secret*.jpg
|
||
+ *.jpg
|
||
+ *.png
|
||
+ file2.avi
|
||
- *
|
||
|
||
This would include
|
||
|
||
- file1.jpg
|
||
- file3.png
|
||
- file2.avi
|
||
|
||
This would exclude
|
||
|
||
- secret17.jpg
|
||
- non *.jpg and *.png
|
||
|
||
|
||
Adding filtering rules
|
||
|
||
Filtering rules are added with the following command line flags.
|
||
|
||
--exclude - Exclude files matching pattern
|
||
|
||
Add a single exclude rule with --exclude.
|
||
|
||
Eg --exclude *.bak to exclude all bak files from the sync.
|
||
|
||
--exclude-from - Read exclude patterns from file
|
||
|
||
Add exclude rules from a file.
|
||
|
||
Prepare a file like this exclude-file.txt
|
||
|
||
# a sample exclude rule file
|
||
*.bak
|
||
file2.jpg
|
||
|
||
Then use as --exclude-from exclude-file.txt. This will sync all files
|
||
except those ending in bak and file2.jpg.
|
||
|
||
This is useful if you have a lot of rules.
|
||
|
||
--include - Include files matching pattern
|
||
|
||
Add a single include rule with --include.
|
||
|
||
Eg --include *.{png,jpg} to include all png and jpg files in the backup
|
||
and no others.
|
||
|
||
This adds an implicit --exclude * at the very end of the filter list.
|
||
This means you can mix --include and --include-from with the other
|
||
filters (eg --exclude) but you must include all the files you want in
|
||
the include statement. If this doesn't provide enough flexibility then
|
||
you must use --filter-from.
|
||
|
||
--include-from - Read include patterns from file
|
||
|
||
Add include rules from a file.
|
||
|
||
Prepare a file like this include-file.txt
|
||
|
||
# a sample include rule file
|
||
*.jpg
|
||
*.png
|
||
file2.avi
|
||
|
||
Then use as --include-from include-file.txt. This will sync all jpg, png
|
||
files and file2.avi.
|
||
|
||
This is useful if you have a lot of rules.
|
||
|
||
This adds an implicit --exclude * at the very end of the filter list.
|
||
This means you can mix --include and --include-from with the other
|
||
filters (eg --exclude) but you must include all the files you want in
|
||
the include statement. If this doesn't provide enough flexibility then
|
||
you must use --filter-from.
|
||
|
||
--filter - Add a file-filtering rule
|
||
|
||
This can be used to add a single include or exclude rule. Include rules
|
||
start with + and exclude rules start with -. A special rule called ! can
|
||
be used to clear the existing rules.
|
||
|
||
Eg --filter "- *.bak" to exclude all bak files from the sync.
|
||
|
||
--filter-from - Read filtering patterns from a file
|
||
|
||
Add include/exclude rules from a file.
|
||
|
||
Prepare a file like this filter-file.txt
|
||
|
||
# a sample exclude rule file
|
||
- secret*.jpg
|
||
+ *.jpg
|
||
+ *.png
|
||
+ file2.avi
|
||
# exclude everything else
|
||
- *
|
||
|
||
Then use as --filter-from filter-file.txt. The rules are processed in
|
||
the order that they are defined.
|
||
|
||
This example will include all jpg and png files, exclude any files
|
||
matching secret*.jpg and include file2.avi. Everything else will be
|
||
excluded from the sync.
|
||
|
||
--files-from - Read list of source-file names
|
||
|
||
This reads a list of file names from the file passed in and ONLY these
|
||
files are transferred. The filtering rules are ignored completely if you
|
||
use this option.
|
||
|
||
Prepare a file like this files-from.txt
|
||
|
||
# comment
|
||
file1.jpg
|
||
file2.jpg
|
||
|
||
Then use as --files-from files-from.txt. This will only transfer
|
||
file1.jpg and file2.jpg providing they exist.
|
||
|
||
--min-size - Don't transfer any file smaller than this
|
||
|
||
This option controls the minimum size file which will be transferred.
|
||
This defaults to kBytes but a suffix of k, M, or G can be used.
|
||
|
||
For example --min-size 50k means no files smaller than 50kByte will be
|
||
transferred.
|
||
|
||
--max-size - Don't transfer any file larger than this
|
||
|
||
This option controls the maximum size file which will be transferred.
|
||
This defaults to kBytes but a suffix of k, M, or G can be used.
|
||
|
||
For example --max-size 1G means no files larger than 1GByte will be
|
||
transferred.
|
||
|
||
--max-age - Don't transfer any file older than this
|
||
|
||
This option controls the maximum age of files to transfer. Give in
|
||
seconds or with a suffix of:
|
||
|
||
- ms - Milliseconds
|
||
- s - Seconds
|
||
- m - Minutes
|
||
- h - Hours
|
||
- d - Days
|
||
- w - Weeks
|
||
- M - Months
|
||
- y - Years
|
||
|
||
For example --max-age 2d means no files older than 2 days will be
|
||
transferred.
|
||
|
||
--min-age - Don't transfer any file younger than this
|
||
|
||
This option controls the minimum age of files to transfer. Give in
|
||
seconds or with a suffix (see --max-age for list of suffixes)
|
||
|
||
For example --min-age 2d means no files younger than 2 days will be
|
||
transferred.
|
||
|
||
--delete-excluded - Delete files on dest excluded from sync
|
||
|
||
IMPORTANT this flag is dangerous - use with --dry-run and -v first.
|
||
|
||
When doing rclone sync this will delete any files which are excluded
|
||
from the sync on the destination.
|
||
|
||
If for example you did a sync from A to B without the --min-size 50k
|
||
flag
|
||
|
||
rclone sync A: B:
|
||
|
||
Then you repeated it like this with the --delete-excluded
|
||
|
||
rclone --min-size 50k --delete-excluded sync A: B:
|
||
|
||
This would delete all files on B which are less than 50 kBytes as these
|
||
are now excluded from the sync.
|
||
|
||
Always test first with --dry-run and -v before using this flag.
|
||
|
||
--dump-filters - dump the filters to the output
|
||
|
||
This dumps the defined filters to the output as regular expressions.
|
||
|
||
Useful for debugging.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Quoting shell metacharacters
|
||
|
||
The examples above may not work verbatim in your shell as they have
|
||
shell metacharacters in them (eg *), and may require quoting.
|
||
|
||
Eg linux, OSX
|
||
|
||
- --include \*.jpg
|
||
- --include '*.jpg'
|
||
- --include='*.jpg'
|
||
|
||
In Windows the expansion is done by the command not the shell so this
|
||
should work fine
|
||
|
||
- --include *.jpg
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
OVERVIEW OF CLOUD STORAGE SYSTEMS
|
||
|
||
|
||
Each cloud storage system is slighly different. Rclone attempts to
|
||
provide a unified interface to them, but some underlying differences
|
||
show through.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Features
|
||
|
||
Here is an overview of the major features of each cloud storage system.
|
||
|
||
Name Hash ModTime Case Insensitive Duplicate Files
|
||
---------------------- ------ --------- ------------------ -----------------
|
||
Google Drive MD5 Yes No Yes
|
||
Amazon S3 MD5 Yes No No
|
||
Openstack Swift MD5 Yes No No
|
||
Dropbox - No Yes No
|
||
Google Cloud Storage MD5 Yes No No
|
||
Amazon Cloud Drive MD5 No Yes No
|
||
Microsoft One Drive SHA1 Yes Yes No
|
||
Hubic MD5 Yes No No
|
||
Backblaze B2 SHA1 Partial No No
|
||
Yandex Disk MD5 Yes No No
|
||
The local filesystem All Yes Depends No
|
||
|
||
Hash
|
||
|
||
The cloud storage system supports various hash types of the objects.
|
||
The hashes are used when transferring data as an integrity check and can
|
||
be specifically used with the --checksum flag in syncs and in the check
|
||
command.
|
||
|
||
To use the checksum checks between filesystems they must support a
|
||
common hash type.
|
||
|
||
ModTime
|
||
|
||
The cloud storage system supports setting modification times on objects.
|
||
If it does then this enables a using the modification times as part of
|
||
the sync. If not then only the size will be checked by default, though
|
||
the MD5SUM can be checked with the --checksum flag.
|
||
|
||
All cloud storage systems support some kind of date on the object and
|
||
these will be set when transferring from the cloud storage system.
|
||
|
||
Backblaze B2 preserves file modification times on files uploaded and
|
||
downloaded, but doesn't use them to decide which objects to sync.
|
||
|
||
Case Insensitive
|
||
|
||
If a cloud storage systems is case sensitive then it is possible to have
|
||
two files which differ only in case, eg file.txt and FILE.txt. If a
|
||
cloud storage system is case insensitive then that isn't possible.
|
||
|
||
This can cause problems when syncing between a case insensitive system
|
||
and a case sensitive system. The symptom of this is that no matter how
|
||
many times you run the sync it never completes fully.
|
||
|
||
The local filesystem may or may not be case sensitive depending on OS.
|
||
|
||
- Windows - usually case insensitive, though case is preserved
|
||
- OSX - usually case insensitive, though it is possible to format case
|
||
sensitive
|
||
- Linux - usually case sensitive, but there are case insensitive file
|
||
systems (eg FAT formatted USB keys)
|
||
|
||
Most of the time this doesn't cause any problems as people tend to avoid
|
||
files whose name differs only by case even on case sensitive systems.
|
||
|
||
Duplicate files
|
||
|
||
If a cloud storage system allows duplicate files then it can have two
|
||
objects with the same name.
|
||
|
||
This confuses rclone greatly when syncing.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Google Drive
|
||
|
||
Paths are specified as drive:path
|
||
|
||
Drive paths may be as deep as required, eg drive:directory/subdirectory.
|
||
|
||
The initial setup for drive involves getting a token from Google drive
|
||
which you need to do in your browser. rclone config walks you through
|
||
it.
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote. First run:
|
||
|
||
rclone config
|
||
|
||
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
|
||
|
||
n) New remote
|
||
d) Delete remote
|
||
q) Quit config
|
||
e/n/d/q> n
|
||
name> remote
|
||
What type of source is it?
|
||
Choose a number from below
|
||
1) swift
|
||
2) s3
|
||
3) local
|
||
4) drive
|
||
type> 4
|
||
Google Application Client Id - leave blank normally.
|
||
client_id>
|
||
Google Application Client Secret - leave blank normally.
|
||
client_secret>
|
||
Remote config
|
||
Use auto config?
|
||
* Say Y if not sure
|
||
* Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine or Y didn't work
|
||
y) Yes
|
||
n) No
|
||
y/n> y
|
||
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
|
||
Log in and authorize rclone for access
|
||
Waiting for code...
|
||
Got code
|
||
--------------------
|
||
[remote]
|
||
client_id =
|
||
client_secret =
|
||
token = {"AccessToken":"xxxx.x.xxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","RefreshToken":"1/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","Expiry":"2014-03-16T13:57:58.955387075Z","Extra":null}
|
||
--------------------
|
||
y) Yes this is OK
|
||
e) Edit this remote
|
||
d) Delete this remote
|
||
y/e/d> y
|
||
|
||
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
|
||
token as returned from Google if you use auto config mode. This only
|
||
runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you get back
|
||
the verification code. This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it
|
||
may require you to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host
|
||
firewall, or use manual mode.
|
||
|
||
You can then use it like this,
|
||
|
||
List directories in top level of your drive
|
||
|
||
rclone lsd remote:
|
||
|
||
List all the files in your drive
|
||
|
||
rclone ls remote:
|
||
|
||
To copy a local directory to a drive directory called backup
|
||
|
||
rclone copy /home/source remote:backup
|
||
|
||
Modified time
|
||
|
||
Google drive stores modification times accurate to 1 ms.
|
||
|
||
Revisions
|
||
|
||
Google drive stores revisions of files. When you upload a change to an
|
||
existing file to google drive using rclone it will create a new revision
|
||
of that file.
|
||
|
||
Revisions follow the standard google policy which at time of writing was
|
||
|
||
- They are deleted after 30 days or 100 revisions (whatever comes
|
||
first).
|
||
- They do not count towards a user storage quota.
|
||
|
||
Deleting files
|
||
|
||
By default rclone will delete files permanently when requested. If
|
||
sending them to the trash is required instead then use the
|
||
--drive-use-trash flag.
|
||
|
||
Specific options
|
||
|
||
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
|
||
|
||
--drive-chunk-size=SIZE
|
||
|
||
Upload chunk size. Must a power of 2 >= 256k. Default value is 256kB.
|
||
|
||
--drive-full-list
|
||
|
||
Use a full listing for directory list. More data but usually quicker. On
|
||
by default, disable with --full-drive-list=false.
|
||
|
||
--drive-upload-cutoff=SIZE
|
||
|
||
File size cutoff for switching to chunked upload. Default is 256kB.
|
||
|
||
--drive-use-trash
|
||
|
||
Send files to the trash instead of deleting permanently. Defaults to
|
||
off, namely deleting files permanently.
|
||
|
||
--drive-auth-owner-only
|
||
|
||
Only consider files owned by the authenticated user. Requires
|
||
that --drive-full-list=true (default).
|
||
|
||
--drive-formats
|
||
|
||
Google documents can only be exported from Google drive. When rclone
|
||
downloads a Google doc it chooses a format to download depending upon
|
||
this setting.
|
||
|
||
By default the formats are docx,xlsx,pptx,svg which are a sensible
|
||
default for an editable document.
|
||
|
||
When choosing a format, rclone runs down the list provided in order and
|
||
chooses the first file format the doc can be exported as from the list.
|
||
If the file can't be exported to a format on the formats list, then
|
||
rclone will choose a format from the default list.
|
||
|
||
If you prefer an archive copy then you might use --drive-formats pdf, or
|
||
if you prefer openoffice/libreoffice formats you might use
|
||
--drive-formats ods,odt.
|
||
|
||
Note that rclone adds the extension to the google doc, so if it is
|
||
calles My Spreadsheet on google docs, it will be exported as
|
||
My Spreadsheet.xlsx or My Spreadsheet.pdf etc.
|
||
|
||
Here are the possible extensions with their corresponding mime types.
|
||
|
||
Extension Mime Type Description
|
||
----------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------
|
||
csv text/csv Standard CSV format for Spreadsheets
|
||
doc application/msword Micosoft Office Document
|
||
docx application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document Microsoft Office Document
|
||
html text/html An HTML Document
|
||
jpg image/jpeg A JPEG Image File
|
||
ods application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet Openoffice Spreadsheet
|
||
ods application/x-vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet Openoffice Spreadsheet
|
||
odt application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text Openoffice Document
|
||
pdf application/pdf Adobe PDF Format
|
||
png image/png PNG Image Format
|
||
pptx application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation Microsoft Office Powerpoint
|
||
rtf application/rtf Rich Text Format
|
||
svg image/svg+xml Scalable Vector Graphics Format
|
||
txt text/plain Plain Text
|
||
xls application/vnd.ms-excel Microsoft Office Spreadsheet
|
||
xlsx application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet Microsoft Office Spreadsheet
|
||
zip application/zip A ZIP file of HTML, Images CSS
|
||
|
||
Limitations
|
||
|
||
Drive has quite a lot of rate limiting. This causes rclone to be limited
|
||
to transferring about 2 files per second only. Individual files may be
|
||
transferred much faster at 100s of MBytes/s but lots of small files can
|
||
take a long time.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Amazon S3
|
||
|
||
Paths are specified as remote:bucket (or remote: for the lsd command.)
|
||
You may put subdirectories in too, eg remote:bucket/path/to/dir.
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of making an s3 configuration. First run
|
||
|
||
rclone config
|
||
|
||
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
|
||
|
||
No remotes found - make a new one
|
||
n) New remote
|
||
q) Quit config
|
||
n/q> n
|
||
name> remote
|
||
What type of source is it?
|
||
Choose a number from below
|
||
1) swift
|
||
2) s3
|
||
3) local
|
||
4) google cloud storage
|
||
5) dropbox
|
||
6) drive
|
||
type> 2
|
||
AWS Access Key ID.
|
||
access_key_id> accesskey
|
||
AWS Secret Access Key (password).
|
||
secret_access_key> secretaccesskey
|
||
Region to connect to.
|
||
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
|
||
* The default endpoint - a good choice if you are unsure.
|
||
* US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
|
||
* Leave location constraint empty.
|
||
1) us-east-1
|
||
* US West (Oregon) Region
|
||
* Needs location constraint us-west-2.
|
||
2) us-west-2
|
||
[snip]
|
||
* South America (Sao Paulo) Region
|
||
* Needs location constraint sa-east-1.
|
||
9) sa-east-1
|
||
* If using an S3 clone that only understands v2 signatures - eg Ceph - set this and make sure you set the endpoint.
|
||
10) other-v2-signature
|
||
* If using an S3 clone that understands v4 signatures set this and make sure you set the endpoint.
|
||
11) other-v4-signature
|
||
region> 1
|
||
Endpoint for S3 API.
|
||
Leave blank if using AWS to use the default endpoint for the region.
|
||
Specify if using an S3 clone such as Ceph.
|
||
endpoint>
|
||
Location constraint - must be set to match the Region. Used when creating buckets only.
|
||
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
|
||
* Empty for US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
|
||
1)
|
||
* US West (Oregon) Region.
|
||
2) us-west-2
|
||
* US West (Northern California) Region.
|
||
3) us-west-1
|
||
* EU (Ireland) Region.
|
||
4) eu-west-1
|
||
[snip]
|
||
location_constraint> 1
|
||
Remote config
|
||
--------------------
|
||
[remote]
|
||
access_key_id = accesskey
|
||
secret_access_key = secretaccesskey
|
||
region = us-east-1
|
||
endpoint =
|
||
location_constraint =
|
||
--------------------
|
||
y) Yes this is OK
|
||
e) Edit this remote
|
||
d) Delete this remote
|
||
y/e/d> y
|
||
Current remotes:
|
||
|
||
Name Type
|
||
==== ====
|
||
remote s3
|
||
|
||
e) Edit existing remote
|
||
n) New remote
|
||
d) Delete remote
|
||
q) Quit config
|
||
e/n/d/q> q
|
||
|
||
This remote is called remote and can now be used like this
|
||
|
||
See all buckets
|
||
|
||
rclone lsd remote:
|
||
|
||
Make a new bucket
|
||
|
||
rclone mkdir remote:bucket
|
||
|
||
List the contents of a bucket
|
||
|
||
rclone ls remote:bucket
|
||
|
||
Sync /home/local/directory to the remote bucket, deleting any excess
|
||
files in the bucket.
|
||
|
||
rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:bucket
|
||
|
||
Modified time
|
||
|
||
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
|
||
X-Amz-Meta-Mtime as floating point since the epoch accurate to 1 ns.
|
||
|
||
Multipart uploads
|
||
|
||
rclone supports multipart uploads with S3 which means that it can upload
|
||
files bigger than 5GB. Note that files uploaded with multipart upload
|
||
don't have an MD5SUM.
|
||
|
||
Buckets and Regions
|
||
|
||
With Amazon S3 you can list buckets (rclone lsd) using any region, but
|
||
you can only access the content of a bucket from the region it was
|
||
created in. If you attempt to access a bucket from the wrong region, you
|
||
will get an error, incorrect region, the bucket is not in 'XXX' region.
|
||
|
||
Anonymous access to public buckets
|
||
|
||
If you want to use rclone to access a public bucket, configure with a
|
||
blank access_key_id and secret_access_key. Eg
|
||
|
||
e) Edit existing remote
|
||
n) New remote
|
||
d) Delete remote
|
||
q) Quit config
|
||
e/n/d/q> n
|
||
name> anons3
|
||
What type of source is it?
|
||
Choose a number from below
|
||
1) amazon cloud drive
|
||
2) drive
|
||
3) dropbox
|
||
4) google cloud storage
|
||
5) local
|
||
6) s3
|
||
7) swift
|
||
type> 6
|
||
AWS Access Key ID - leave blank for anonymous access.
|
||
access_key_id>
|
||
AWS Secret Access Key (password) - leave blank for anonymous access.
|
||
secret_access_key>
|
||
Region to connect to.
|
||
region> 1
|
||
endpoint>
|
||
location_constraint>
|
||
|
||
Then use it as normal with the name of the public bucket, eg
|
||
|
||
rclone lsd anons3:1000genomes
|
||
|
||
You will be able to list and copy data but not upload it.
|
||
|
||
Ceph
|
||
|
||
Ceph is an object storage system which presents an Amazon S3 interface.
|
||
|
||
To use rclone with ceph, you need to set the following parameters in the
|
||
config.
|
||
|
||
access_key_id = Whatever
|
||
secret_access_key = Whatever
|
||
endpoint = https://ceph.endpoint.goes.here/
|
||
region = other-v2-signature
|
||
|
||
Note also that Ceph sometimes puts / in the passwords it gives users. If
|
||
you read the secret access key using the command line tools you will get
|
||
a JSON blob with the / escaped as \/. Make sure you only write / in the
|
||
secret access key.
|
||
|
||
Eg the dump from Ceph looks something like this (irrelevant keys
|
||
removed).
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
"user_id": "xxx",
|
||
"display_name": "xxxx",
|
||
"keys": [
|
||
{
|
||
"user": "xxx",
|
||
"access_key": "xxxxxx",
|
||
"secret_key": "xxxxxx\/xxxx"
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
Because this is a json dump, it is encoding the / as \/, so if you use
|
||
the secret key as xxxxxx/xxxx it will work fine.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Swift
|
||
|
||
Swift refers to Openstack Object Storage. Commercial implementations of
|
||
that being:
|
||
|
||
- Rackspace Cloud Files
|
||
- Memset Memstore
|
||
|
||
Paths are specified as remote:container (or remote: for the lsd
|
||
command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
|
||
remote:container/path/to/dir.
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of making a swift configuration. First run
|
||
|
||
rclone config
|
||
|
||
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
|
||
|
||
No remotes found - make a new one
|
||
n) New remote
|
||
q) Quit config
|
||
n/q> n
|
||
name> remote
|
||
What type of source is it?
|
||
Choose a number from below
|
||
1) swift
|
||
2) s3
|
||
3) local
|
||
4) drive
|
||
type> 1
|
||
User name to log in.
|
||
user> user_name
|
||
API key or password.
|
||
key> password_or_api_key
|
||
Authentication URL for server.
|
||
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
|
||
* Rackspace US
|
||
1) https://auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0
|
||
* Rackspace UK
|
||
2) https://lon.auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0
|
||
* Rackspace v2
|
||
3) https://identity.api.rackspacecloud.com/v2.0
|
||
* Memset Memstore UK
|
||
4) https://auth.storage.memset.com/v1.0
|
||
* Memset Memstore UK v2
|
||
5) https://auth.storage.memset.com/v2.0
|
||
* OVH
|
||
6) https://auth.cloud.ovh.net/v2.0
|
||
auth> 1
|
||
Tenant name - optional
|
||
tenant>
|
||
Remote config
|
||
--------------------
|
||
[remote]
|
||
user = user_name
|
||
key = password_or_api_key
|
||
auth = https://auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0
|
||
tenant =
|
||
--------------------
|
||
y) Yes this is OK
|
||
e) Edit this remote
|
||
d) Delete this remote
|
||
y/e/d> y
|
||
|
||
This remote is called remote and can now be used like this
|
||
|
||
See all containers
|
||
|
||
rclone lsd remote:
|
||
|
||
Make a new container
|
||
|
||
rclone mkdir remote:container
|
||
|
||
List the contents of a container
|
||
|
||
rclone ls remote:container
|
||
|
||
Sync /home/local/directory to the remote container, deleting any excess
|
||
files in the container.
|
||
|
||
rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:container
|
||
|
||
Specific options
|
||
|
||
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
|
||
|
||
--swift-chunk-size=SIZE
|
||
|
||
Above this size files will be chunked into a _segments container. The
|
||
default for this is 5GB which is its maximum value.
|
||
|
||
Modified time
|
||
|
||
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
|
||
X-Object-Meta-Mtime as floating point since the epoch accurate to 1 ns.
|
||
|
||
This is a defacto standard (used in the official python-swiftclient
|
||
amongst others) for storing the modification time for an object.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Dropbox
|
||
|
||
Paths are specified as remote:path
|
||
|
||
Dropbox paths may be as deep as required, eg
|
||
remote:directory/subdirectory.
|
||
|
||
The initial setup for dropbox involves getting a token from Dropbox
|
||
which you need to do in your browser. rclone config walks you through
|
||
it.
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote. First run:
|
||
|
||
rclone config
|
||
|
||
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
|
||
|
||
n) New remote
|
||
d) Delete remote
|
||
q) Quit config
|
||
e/n/d/q> n
|
||
name> remote
|
||
What type of source is it?
|
||
Choose a number from below
|
||
1) swift
|
||
2) s3
|
||
3) local
|
||
4) google cloud storage
|
||
5) dropbox
|
||
6) drive
|
||
type> 5
|
||
Dropbox App Key - leave blank normally.
|
||
app_key>
|
||
Dropbox App Secret - leave blank normally.
|
||
app_secret>
|
||
Remote config
|
||
Please visit:
|
||
https://www.dropbox.com/1/oauth2/authorize?client_id=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX&response_type=code
|
||
Enter the code: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXXXX
|
||
--------------------
|
||
[remote]
|
||
app_key =
|
||
app_secret =
|
||
token = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX_XXXX_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
|
||
--------------------
|
||
y) Yes this is OK
|
||
e) Edit this remote
|
||
d) Delete this remote
|
||
y/e/d> y
|
||
|
||
You can then use it like this,
|
||
|
||
List directories in top level of your dropbox
|
||
|
||
rclone lsd remote:
|
||
|
||
List all the files in your dropbox
|
||
|
||
rclone ls remote:
|
||
|
||
To copy a local directory to a dropbox directory called backup
|
||
|
||
rclone copy /home/source remote:backup
|
||
|
||
Modified time and MD5SUMs
|
||
|
||
Dropbox doesn't have the capability of storing modification times or
|
||
MD5SUMs so syncs will effectively have the --size-only flag set.
|
||
|
||
Specific options
|
||
|
||
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
|
||
|
||
--dropbox-chunk-size=SIZE
|
||
|
||
Upload chunk size. Max 150M. The default is 128MB. Note that this isn't
|
||
buffered into memory.
|
||
|
||
Limitations
|
||
|
||
Note that Dropbox is case insensitive so you can't have a file called
|
||
"Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
|
||
|
||
There are some file names such as thumbs.db which Dropbox can't store.
|
||
There is a full list of them in the "Ignored Files" section of this
|
||
document. Rclone will issue an error message
|
||
File name disallowed - not uploading if it attempt to upload one of
|
||
those file names, but the sync won't fail.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Google Cloud Storage
|
||
|
||
Paths are specified as remote:bucket (or remote: for the lsd command.)
|
||
You may put subdirectories in too, eg remote:bucket/path/to/dir.
|
||
|
||
The initial setup for google cloud storage involves getting a token from
|
||
Google Cloud Storage which you need to do in your browser. rclone config
|
||
walks you through it.
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote. First run:
|
||
|
||
rclone config
|
||
|
||
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
|
||
|
||
n) New remote
|
||
d) Delete remote
|
||
q) Quit config
|
||
e/n/d/q> n
|
||
name> remote
|
||
What type of source is it?
|
||
Choose a number from below
|
||
1) swift
|
||
2) s3
|
||
3) local
|
||
4) google cloud storage
|
||
5) dropbox
|
||
6) drive
|
||
type> 4
|
||
Google Application Client Id - leave blank normally.
|
||
client_id>
|
||
Google Application Client Secret - leave blank normally.
|
||
client_secret>
|
||
Project number optional - needed only for list/create/delete buckets - see your developer console.
|
||
project_number> 12345678
|
||
Access Control List for new objects.
|
||
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
|
||
* Object owner gets OWNER access, and all Authenticated Users get READER access.
|
||
1) authenticatedRead
|
||
* Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team owners get OWNER access.
|
||
2) bucketOwnerFullControl
|
||
* Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team owners get READER access.
|
||
3) bucketOwnerRead
|
||
* Object owner gets OWNER access [default if left blank].
|
||
4) private
|
||
* Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team members get access according to their roles.
|
||
5) projectPrivate
|
||
* Object owner gets OWNER access, and all Users get READER access.
|
||
6) publicRead
|
||
object_acl> 4
|
||
Access Control List for new buckets.
|
||
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
|
||
* Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Authenticated Users get READER access.
|
||
1) authenticatedRead
|
||
* Project team owners get OWNER access [default if left blank].
|
||
2) private
|
||
* Project team members get access according to their roles.
|
||
3) projectPrivate
|
||
* Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Users get READER access.
|
||
4) publicRead
|
||
* Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Users get WRITER access.
|
||
5) publicReadWrite
|
||
bucket_acl> 2
|
||
Remote config
|
||
Remote config
|
||
Use auto config?
|
||
* Say Y if not sure
|
||
* Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine or Y didn't work
|
||
y) Yes
|
||
n) No
|
||
y/n> y
|
||
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
|
||
Log in and authorize rclone for access
|
||
Waiting for code...
|
||
Got code
|
||
--------------------
|
||
[remote]
|
||
type = google cloud storage
|
||
client_id =
|
||
client_secret =
|
||
token = {"AccessToken":"xxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","RefreshToken":"x/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxx","Expiry":"2014-07-17T20:49:14.929208288+01:00","Extra":null}
|
||
project_number = 12345678
|
||
object_acl = private
|
||
bucket_acl = private
|
||
--------------------
|
||
y) Yes this is OK
|
||
e) Edit this remote
|
||
d) Delete this remote
|
||
y/e/d> y
|
||
|
||
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
|
||
token as returned from Google if you use auto config mode. This only
|
||
runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you get back
|
||
the verification code. This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it
|
||
may require you to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host
|
||
firewall, or use manual mode.
|
||
|
||
This remote is called remote and can now be used like this
|
||
|
||
See all the buckets in your project
|
||
|
||
rclone lsd remote:
|
||
|
||
Make a new bucket
|
||
|
||
rclone mkdir remote:bucket
|
||
|
||
List the contents of a bucket
|
||
|
||
rclone ls remote:bucket
|
||
|
||
Sync /home/local/directory to the remote bucket, deleting any excess
|
||
files in the bucket.
|
||
|
||
rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:bucket
|
||
|
||
Modified time
|
||
|
||
Google google cloud storage stores md5sums natively and rclone stores
|
||
modification times as metadata on the object, under the "mtime" key in
|
||
RFC3339 format accurate to 1ns.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Amazon Cloud Drive
|
||
|
||
Paths are specified as remote:path
|
||
|
||
Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.
|
||
|
||
The initial setup for Amazon cloud drive involves getting a token from
|
||
Amazon which you need to do in your browser. rclone config walks you
|
||
through it.
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote. First run:
|
||
|
||
rclone config
|
||
|
||
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
|
||
|
||
n) New remote
|
||
d) Delete remote
|
||
q) Quit config
|
||
e/n/d/q> n
|
||
name> remote
|
||
What type of source is it?
|
||
Choose a number from below
|
||
1) amazon cloud drive
|
||
2) drive
|
||
3) dropbox
|
||
4) google cloud storage
|
||
5) local
|
||
6) s3
|
||
7) swift
|
||
type> 1
|
||
Amazon Application Client Id - leave blank normally.
|
||
client_id>
|
||
Amazon Application Client Secret - leave blank normally.
|
||
client_secret>
|
||
Remote config
|
||
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
|
||
Log in and authorize rclone for access
|
||
Waiting for code...
|
||
Got code
|
||
--------------------
|
||
[remote]
|
||
client_id =
|
||
client_secret =
|
||
token = {"access_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","token_type":"bearer","refresh_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","expiry":"2015-09-06T16:07:39.658438471+01:00"}
|
||
--------------------
|
||
y) Yes this is OK
|
||
e) Edit this remote
|
||
d) Delete this remote
|
||
y/e/d> y
|
||
|
||
See the remote setup docs for how to set it up on a machine with no
|
||
Internet browser available.
|
||
|
||
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
|
||
token as returned from Amazon. This only runs from the moment it opens
|
||
your browser to the moment you get back the verification code. This is
|
||
on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require you to unblock it
|
||
temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
|
||
|
||
Once configured you can then use rclone like this,
|
||
|
||
List directories in top level of your Amazon cloud drive
|
||
|
||
rclone lsd remote:
|
||
|
||
List all the files in your Amazon cloud drive
|
||
|
||
rclone ls remote:
|
||
|
||
To copy a local directory to an Amazon cloud drive directory called
|
||
backup
|
||
|
||
rclone copy /home/source remote:backup
|
||
|
||
Modified time and MD5SUMs
|
||
|
||
Amazon cloud drive doesn't allow modification times to be changed via
|
||
the API so these won't be accurate or used for syncing.
|
||
|
||
It does store MD5SUMs so for a more accurate sync, you can use the
|
||
--checksum flag.
|
||
|
||
Deleting files
|
||
|
||
Any files you delete with rclone will end up in the trash. Amazon don't
|
||
provide an API to permanently delete files, nor to empty the trash, so
|
||
you will have to do that with one of Amazon's apps or via the Amazon
|
||
cloud drive website.
|
||
|
||
Specific options
|
||
|
||
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
|
||
|
||
--acd-templink-threshold=SIZE
|
||
|
||
Files this size or more will be downloaded via their tempLink. This is
|
||
to work around a problem with Amazon Cloud Drive which blocks downloads
|
||
of files bigger than about 10GB. The default for this is 9GB which
|
||
shouldn't need to be changed.
|
||
|
||
To download files above this threshold, rclone requests a tempLink which
|
||
downloads the file through a temporary URL directly from the underlying
|
||
S3 storage.
|
||
|
||
Limitations
|
||
|
||
Note that Amazon cloud drive is case insensitive so you can't have a
|
||
file called "Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
|
||
|
||
Amazon cloud drive has rate limiting so you may notice errors in the
|
||
sync (429 errors). rclone will automatically retry the sync up to 3
|
||
times by default (see --retries flag) which should hopefully work around
|
||
this problem.
|
||
|
||
Amazon cloud drive has an internal limit of file sizes that can be
|
||
uploaded to the service. This limit is not officially published, but all
|
||
files larger than this will fail.
|
||
|
||
At the time of writing (Jan 2016) is in the area of 50GB per file. This
|
||
means that larger files are likely to fail.
|
||
|
||
Unfortunatly there is no way for rclone to see that this failure is
|
||
because of file size, so it will retry the operation, as any other
|
||
failure. To avoid this problem, use --max-size=50GB option to limit the
|
||
maximum size of uploaded files.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Microsoft One Drive
|
||
|
||
Paths are specified as remote:path
|
||
|
||
Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.
|
||
|
||
The initial setup for One Drive involves getting a token from Microsoft
|
||
which you need to do in your browser. rclone config walks you through
|
||
it.
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote. First run:
|
||
|
||
rclone config
|
||
|
||
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
|
||
|
||
n) New remote
|
||
d) Delete remote
|
||
q) Quit config
|
||
e/n/d/q> n
|
||
name> remote
|
||
What type of source is it?
|
||
Choose a number from below
|
||
1) amazon cloud drive
|
||
2) drive
|
||
3) dropbox
|
||
4) google cloud storage
|
||
5) local
|
||
6) onedrive
|
||
7) s3
|
||
8) swift
|
||
type> 6
|
||
Microsoft App Client Id - leave blank normally.
|
||
client_id>
|
||
Microsoft App Client Secret - leave blank normally.
|
||
client_secret>
|
||
Remote config
|
||
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
|
||
Log in and authorize rclone for access
|
||
Waiting for code...
|
||
Got code
|
||
--------------------
|
||
[remote]
|
||
client_id =
|
||
client_secret =
|
||
token = {"access_token":"XXXXXX"}
|
||
--------------------
|
||
y) Yes this is OK
|
||
e) Edit this remote
|
||
d) Delete this remote
|
||
y/e/d> y
|
||
|
||
See the remote setup docs for how to set it up on a machine with no
|
||
Internet browser available.
|
||
|
||
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
|
||
token as returned from Microsoft. This only runs from the moment it
|
||
opens your browser to the moment you get back the verification code.
|
||
This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require you to
|
||
unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
|
||
|
||
Once configured you can then use rclone like this,
|
||
|
||
List directories in top level of your One Drive
|
||
|
||
rclone lsd remote:
|
||
|
||
List all the files in your One Drive
|
||
|
||
rclone ls remote:
|
||
|
||
To copy a local directory to an One Drive directory called backup
|
||
|
||
rclone copy /home/source remote:backup
|
||
|
||
Modified time and hashes
|
||
|
||
One Drive allows modification times to be set on objects accurate to 1
|
||
second. These will be used to detect whether objects need syncing or
|
||
not.
|
||
|
||
One drive supports SHA1 type hashes, so you can use --checksum flag.
|
||
|
||
Deleting files
|
||
|
||
Any files you delete with rclone will end up in the trash. Microsoft
|
||
doesn't provide an API to permanently delete files, nor to empty the
|
||
trash, so you will have to do that with one of Microsoft's apps or via
|
||
the One Drive website.
|
||
|
||
Specific options
|
||
|
||
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
|
||
|
||
--onedrive-chunk-size=SIZE
|
||
|
||
Above this size files will be chunked - must be multiple of 320k. The
|
||
default is 10MB. Note that the chunks will be buffered into memory.
|
||
|
||
--onedrive-upload-cutoff=SIZE
|
||
|
||
Cutoff for switching to chunked upload - must be <= 100MB. The default
|
||
is 10MB.
|
||
|
||
Limitations
|
||
|
||
Note that One Drive is case insensitive so you can't have a file called
|
||
"Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
|
||
|
||
Rclone only supports your default One Drive, and doesn't work with One
|
||
Drive for business. Both these issues may be fixed at some point
|
||
depending on user demand!
|
||
|
||
There are quite a few characters that can't be in One Drive file names.
|
||
These can't occur on Windows platforms, but on non-Windows platforms
|
||
they are common. Rclone will map these names to and from an identical
|
||
looking unicode equivalent. For example if a file has a ? in it will be
|
||
mapped to ？ instead.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Hubic
|
||
|
||
Paths are specified as remote:path
|
||
|
||
Paths are specified as remote:container (or remote: for the lsd
|
||
command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
|
||
remote:container/path/to/dir.
|
||
|
||
The initial setup for Hubic involves getting a token from Hubic which
|
||
you need to do in your browser. rclone config walks you through it.
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote. First run:
|
||
|
||
rclone config
|
||
|
||
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
|
||
|
||
n) New remote
|
||
d) Delete remote
|
||
q) Quit config
|
||
e/n/d/q> n
|
||
name> remote
|
||
What type of source is it?
|
||
Choose a number from below
|
||
1) amazon cloud drive
|
||
2) drive
|
||
3) dropbox
|
||
4) google cloud storage
|
||
5) local
|
||
6) onedrive
|
||
7) hubic
|
||
8) s3
|
||
9) swift
|
||
type> 7
|
||
Hubic App Client Id - leave blank normally.
|
||
client_id>
|
||
Hubic App Client Secret - leave blank normally.
|
||
client_secret>
|
||
Remote config
|
||
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://localhost:53682/auth
|
||
Log in and authorize rclone for access
|
||
Waiting for code...
|
||
Got code
|
||
--------------------
|
||
[remote]
|
||
client_id =
|
||
client_secret =
|
||
token = {"access_token":"XXXXXX"}
|
||
--------------------
|
||
y) Yes this is OK
|
||
e) Edit this remote
|
||
d) Delete this remote
|
||
y/e/d> y
|
||
|
||
See the remote setup docs for how to set it up on a machine with no
|
||
Internet browser available.
|
||
|
||
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
|
||
token as returned from Hubic. This only runs from the moment it opens
|
||
your browser to the moment you get back the verification code. This is
|
||
on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require you to unblock it
|
||
temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
|
||
|
||
Once configured you can then use rclone like this,
|
||
|
||
List containers in the top level of your Hubic
|
||
|
||
rclone lsd remote:
|
||
|
||
List all the files in your Hubic
|
||
|
||
rclone ls remote:
|
||
|
||
To copy a local directory to an Hubic directory called backup
|
||
|
||
rclone copy /home/source remote:backup
|
||
|
||
Modified time
|
||
|
||
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
|
||
X-Object-Meta-Mtime as floating point since the epoch accurate to 1 ns.
|
||
|
||
This is a defacto standard (used in the official python-swiftclient
|
||
amongst others) for storing the modification time for an object.
|
||
|
||
Note that Hubic wraps the Swift backend, so most of the properties of
|
||
are the same.
|
||
|
||
Limitations
|
||
|
||
Code to refresh the OpenStack token isn't done yet which may cause
|
||
problems with very long transfers.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Backblaze B2
|
||
|
||
B2 is Backblaze's cloud storage system.
|
||
|
||
Paths are specified as remote:bucket (or remote: for the lsd command.)
|
||
You may put subdirectories in too, eg remote:bucket/path/to/dir.
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of making a b2 configuration. First run
|
||
|
||
rclone config
|
||
|
||
This will guide you through an interactive setup process. You will need
|
||
your account number (a short hex number) and key (a long hex number)
|
||
which you can get from the b2 control panel.
|
||
|
||
No remotes found - make a new one
|
||
n) New remote
|
||
q) Quit config
|
||
n/q> n
|
||
name> remote
|
||
What type of source is it?
|
||
Choose a number from below
|
||
1) amazon cloud drive
|
||
2) b2
|
||
3) drive
|
||
4) dropbox
|
||
5) google cloud storage
|
||
6) swift
|
||
7) hubic
|
||
8) local
|
||
9) onedrive
|
||
10) s3
|
||
type> 2
|
||
Account ID
|
||
account> 123456789abc
|
||
Application Key
|
||
key> 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789
|
||
Endpoint for the service - leave blank normally.
|
||
endpoint>
|
||
Remote config
|
||
--------------------
|
||
[remote]
|
||
account = 123456789abc
|
||
key = 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789
|
||
endpoint =
|
||
--------------------
|
||
y) Yes this is OK
|
||
e) Edit this remote
|
||
d) Delete this remote
|
||
y/e/d> y
|
||
|
||
This remote is called remote and can now be used like this
|
||
|
||
See all buckets
|
||
|
||
rclone lsd remote:
|
||
|
||
Make a new bucket
|
||
|
||
rclone mkdir remote:bucket
|
||
|
||
List the contents of a bucket
|
||
|
||
rclone ls remote:bucket
|
||
|
||
Sync /home/local/directory to the remote bucket, deleting any excess
|
||
files in the bucket.
|
||
|
||
rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:bucket
|
||
|
||
Modified time
|
||
|
||
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
|
||
X-Bz-Info-src_last_modified_millis as milliseconds since 1970-01-01 in
|
||
the Backblaze standard. Other tools should be able to use this as a
|
||
modified time.
|
||
|
||
Modified times are set on upload, read on download and shown in
|
||
listings. They are not used in syncing as unfortunately B2 doesn't have
|
||
an API method to set them independently of doing an upload.
|
||
|
||
SHA1 checksums
|
||
|
||
The SHA1 checksums of the files are checked on upload and download and
|
||
will be used in the syncing process. You can use the --checksum flag.
|
||
|
||
Versions
|
||
|
||
When rclone uploads a new version of a file it creates a new version of
|
||
it. Likewise when you delete a file, the old version will still be
|
||
available.
|
||
|
||
The old versions of files are visible in the B2 web interface, but not
|
||
via rclone yet.
|
||
|
||
Rclone doesn't provide any way of managing old versions (downloading
|
||
them or deleting them) at the moment. When you purge a bucket, all the
|
||
old versions will be deleted.
|
||
|
||
Bugs
|
||
|
||
Note that when uploading a file, rclone has to make a temporary copy of
|
||
it in your temp filing system. This is due to a weakness in the B2 API
|
||
which I'm hoping will be addressed soon.
|
||
|
||
API
|
||
|
||
Here are some notes I made on the backblaze API while integrating it
|
||
with rclone which detail the changes I'd like to see. With a couple of
|
||
small tweaks Backblaze could enable rclone to not make a temporary copy
|
||
of all files and fully support modification times.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Yandex Disk
|
||
|
||
Yandex Disk is a cloud storage solution created by Yandex.
|
||
|
||
Yandex paths may be as deep as required, eg
|
||
remote:directory/subdirectory.
|
||
|
||
Here is an example of making a yandex configuration. First run
|
||
|
||
rclone config
|
||
|
||
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
|
||
|
||
No remotes found - make a new one
|
||
n) New remote
|
||
q) Quit config
|
||
n/q> n
|
||
name> remote
|
||
What type of source is it?
|
||
Choose a number from below
|
||
1) amazon cloud drive
|
||
2) b2
|
||
3) drive
|
||
4) dropbox
|
||
5) google cloud storage
|
||
6) swift
|
||
7) hubic
|
||
8) local
|
||
9) onedrive
|
||
10) s3
|
||
11) yandex
|
||
type> 11
|
||
Yandex Client Id - leave blank normally.
|
||
client_id>
|
||
Yandex Client Secret - leave blank normally.
|
||
client_secret>
|
||
Remote config
|
||
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
|
||
Log in and authorize rclone for access
|
||
Waiting for code...
|
||
Got code
|
||
--------------------
|
||
[remote]
|
||
client_id =
|
||
client_secret =
|
||
token = {"access_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","token_type":"bearer","expiry":"2016-12-29T12:27:11.362788025Z"}
|
||
--------------------
|
||
y) Yes this is OK
|
||
e) Edit this remote
|
||
d) Delete this remote
|
||
y/e/d> y
|
||
|
||
See the remote setup docs for how to set it up on a machine with no
|
||
Internet browser available.
|
||
|
||
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
|
||
token as returned from Yandex Disk. This only runs from the moment it
|
||
opens your browser to the moment you get back the verification code.
|
||
This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require you to
|
||
unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
|
||
|
||
Once configured you can then use rclone like this,
|
||
|
||
See top level directories
|
||
|
||
rclone lsd remote:
|
||
|
||
Make a new directory
|
||
|
||
rclone mkdir remote:directory
|
||
|
||
List the contents of a directory
|
||
|
||
rclone ls remote:directory
|
||
|
||
Sync /home/local/directory to the remote path, deleting any excess files
|
||
in the path.
|
||
|
||
rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:directory
|
||
|
||
Modified time
|
||
|
||
Modified times are supported and are stored accurate to 1 ns in custom
|
||
metadata called rclone_modified in RFC3339 with nanoseconds format.
|
||
|
||
MD5 checksums
|
||
|
||
MD5 checksums are natively supported by Yandex Disk.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Local Filesystem
|
||
|
||
Local paths are specified as normal filesystem paths, eg
|
||
/path/to/wherever, so
|
||
|
||
rclone sync /home/source /tmp/destination
|
||
|
||
Will sync /home/source to /tmp/destination
|
||
|
||
These can be configured into the config file for consistencies sake, but
|
||
it is probably easier not to.
|
||
|
||
Modified time
|
||
|
||
Rclone reads and writes the modified time using an accuracy determined
|
||
by the OS. Typically this is 1ns on Linux, 10 ns on Windows and 1 Second
|
||
on OS X.
|
||
|
||
Filenames
|
||
|
||
Filenames are expected to be encoded in UTF-8 on disk. This is the
|
||
normal case for Windows and OS X. There is a bit more uncertainty in the
|
||
Linux world, but new distributions will have UTF-8 encoded files names.
|
||
|
||
If an invalid (non-UTF8) filename is read, the invalid caracters will be
|
||
replaced with the unicode replacement character, '<27>'. rclone will emit a
|
||
debug message in this case (use -v to see), eg
|
||
|
||
Local file system at .: Replacing invalid UTF-8 characters in "gro\xdf"
|
||
|
||
Long paths on Windows
|
||
|
||
Rclone handles long paths automatically, by converting all paths to long
|
||
UNC paths which allows paths up to 32,767 characters.
|
||
|
||
This is why you will see that your paths, for instance c:\files is
|
||
converted to the UNC path \\?\c:\files in the output, and \\server\share
|
||
is converted to \\?\UNC\server\share.
|
||
|
||
However, in rare cases this may cause problems with buggy file system
|
||
drivers like EncFS. To disable UNC conversion globally, add this to your
|
||
.rclone.conf file:
|
||
|
||
[local]
|
||
nounc = true
|
||
|
||
If you want to selectively disable UNC, you can add it to a separate
|
||
entry like this:
|
||
|
||
[nounc]
|
||
type = local
|
||
nounc = true
|
||
|
||
And use rclone like this:
|
||
|
||
rclone copy c:\src nounc:z:\dst
|
||
|
||
This will use UNC paths on c:\src but not on z:\dst. Of course this will
|
||
cause problems if the absolute path length of a file exceeds 258
|
||
characters on z, so only use this option if you have to.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Changelog
|
||
|
||
- v1.27 - 2016-01-31
|
||
- New Features
|
||
- Easier headless configuration with rclone authorize
|
||
- Add support for multiple hash types - we now check SHA1 as well
|
||
as MD5 hashes.
|
||
- delete command which does obey the filters (unlike purge)
|
||
- dedupe command to deduplicate a remote. Useful with Google
|
||
Drive.
|
||
- Add --ignore-existing flag to skip all files that exist on
|
||
destination.
|
||
- Add --delete-before, --delete-during, --delete-after flags.
|
||
- Add --memprofile flag to debug memory use.
|
||
- Warn the user about files with same name but different case
|
||
- Make --include rules add their implict exclude * at the end of
|
||
the filter list
|
||
- Deprecate compiling with go1.3
|
||
- Amazon Cloud Drive
|
||
- Fix download of files > 10 GB
|
||
- Fix directory traversal ("Next token is expired") for large
|
||
directory listings
|
||
- Remove 409 conflict from error codes we will retry - stops very
|
||
long pauses
|
||
- Backblaze B2
|
||
- SHA1 hashes now checked by rclone core
|
||
- Drive
|
||
- Add --drive-auth-owner-only to only consider files owned by the
|
||
user - thanks Björn Harrtell
|
||
- Export Google documents
|
||
- Dropbox
|
||
- Make file exclusion error controllable with -q
|
||
- Swift
|
||
- Fix upload from unprivileged user.
|
||
- S3
|
||
- Fix updating of mod times of files with + in.
|
||
- Local
|
||
- Add local file system option to disable UNC on Windows.
|
||
- v1.26 - 2016-01-02
|
||
- New Features
|
||
- Yandex storage backend - thank you Dmitry Burdeev ("dibu")
|
||
- Implement Backblaze B2 storage backend
|
||
- Add --min-age and --max-age flags - thank you Adriano Aurélio
|
||
Meirelles
|
||
- Make ls/lsl/md5sum/size/check obey includes and excludes
|
||
- Fixes
|
||
- Fix crash in http logging
|
||
- Upload releases to github too
|
||
- Swift
|
||
- Fix sync for chunked files
|
||
- One Drive
|
||
- Re-enable server side copy
|
||
- Don't mask HTTP error codes with JSON decode error
|
||
- S3
|
||
- Fix corrupting Content-Type on mod time update (thanks Joseph
|
||
Spurrier)
|
||
- v1.25 - 2015-11-14
|
||
- New features
|
||
- Implement Hubic storage system
|
||
- Fixes
|
||
- Fix deletion of some excluded files without --delete-excluded
|
||
- This could have deleted files unexpectedly on sync
|
||
- Always check first with --dry-run!
|
||
- Swift
|
||
- Stop SetModTime losing metadata (eg X-Object-Manifest)
|
||
- This could have caused data loss for files > 5GB in size
|
||
- Use ContentType from Object to avoid lookups in listings
|
||
- One Drive
|
||
- disable server side copy as it seems to be broken at Microsoft
|
||
- v1.24 - 2015-11-07
|
||
- New features
|
||
- Add support for Microsoft One Drive
|
||
- Add --no-check-certificate option to disable server certificate
|
||
verification
|
||
- Add async readahead buffer for faster transfer of big files
|
||
- Fixes
|
||
- Allow spaces in remotes and check remote names for validity at
|
||
creation time
|
||
- Allow '&' and disallow ':' in Windows filenames.
|
||
- Swift
|
||
- Ignore directory marker objects where appropriate - allows
|
||
working with Hubic
|
||
- Don't delete the container if fs wasn't at root
|
||
- S3
|
||
- Don't delete the bucket if fs wasn't at root
|
||
- Google Cloud Storage
|
||
- Don't delete the bucket if fs wasn't at root
|
||
- v1.23 - 2015-10-03
|
||
- New features
|
||
- Implement rclone size for measuring remotes
|
||
- Fixes
|
||
- Fix headless config for drive and gcs
|
||
- Tell the user they should try again if the webserver method
|
||
failed
|
||
- Improve output of --dump-headers
|
||
- S3
|
||
- Allow anonymous access to public buckets
|
||
- Swift
|
||
- Stop chunked operations logging "Failed to read info: Object Not
|
||
Found"
|
||
- Use Content-Length on uploads for extra reliability
|
||
- v1.22 - 2015-09-28
|
||
- Implement rsync like include and exclude flags
|
||
- swift
|
||
- Support files > 5GB - thanks Sergey Tolmachev
|
||
- v1.21 - 2015-09-22
|
||
- New features
|
||
- Display individual transfer progress
|
||
- Make lsl output times in localtime
|
||
- Fixes
|
||
- Fix allowing user to override credentials again in Drive, GCS
|
||
and ACD
|
||
- Amazon Cloud Drive
|
||
- Implement compliant pacing scheme
|
||
- Google Drive
|
||
- Make directory reads concurrent for increased speed.
|
||
- v1.20 - 2015-09-15
|
||
- New features
|
||
- Amazon Cloud Drive support
|
||
- Oauth support redone - fix many bugs and improve usability
|
||
- Use "golang.org/x/oauth2" as oauth libary of choice
|
||
- Improve oauth usability for smoother initial signup
|
||
- drive, googlecloudstorage: optionally use auto config for
|
||
the oauth token
|
||
- Implement --dump-headers and --dump-bodies debug flags
|
||
- Show multiple matched commands if abbreviation too short
|
||
- Implement server side move where possible
|
||
- local
|
||
- Always use UNC paths internally on Windows - fixes a lot of bugs
|
||
- dropbox
|
||
- force use of our custom transport which makes timeouts work
|
||
- Thanks to Klaus Post for lots of help with this release
|
||
- v1.19 - 2015-08-28
|
||
- New features
|
||
- Server side copies for s3/swift/drive/dropbox/gcs
|
||
- Move command - uses server side copies if it can
|
||
- Implement --retries flag - tries 3 times by default
|
||
- Build for plan9/amd64 and solaris/amd64 too
|
||
- Fixes
|
||
- Make a current version download with a fixed URL for scripting
|
||
- Ignore rmdir in limited fs rather than throwing error
|
||
- dropbox
|
||
- Increase chunk size to improve upload speeds massively
|
||
- Issue an error message when trying to upload bad file name
|
||
- v1.18 - 2015-08-17
|
||
- drive
|
||
- Add --drive-use-trash flag so rclone trashes instead of deletes
|
||
- Add "Forbidden to download" message for files with no
|
||
downloadURL
|
||
- dropbox
|
||
- Remove datastore
|
||
- This was deprecated and it caused a lot of problems
|
||
- Modification times and MD5SUMs no longer stored
|
||
- Fix uploading files > 2GB
|
||
- s3
|
||
- use official AWS SDK from github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go
|
||
- NB will most likely require you to delete and recreate remote
|
||
- enable multipart upload which enables files > 5GB
|
||
- tested with Ceph / RadosGW / S3 emulation
|
||
- many thanks to Sam Liston and Brian Haymore at the Utah Center
|
||
for High Performance Computing for a Ceph test account
|
||
- misc
|
||
- Show errors when reading the config file
|
||
- Do not print stats in quiet mode - thanks Leonid Shalupov
|
||
- Add FAQ
|
||
- Fix created directories not obeying umask
|
||
- Linux installation instructions - thanks Shimon Doodkin
|
||
- v1.17 - 2015-06-14
|
||
- dropbox: fix case insensitivity issues - thanks Leonid Shalupov
|
||
- v1.16 - 2015-06-09
|
||
- Fix uploading big files which was causing timeouts or panics
|
||
- Don't check md5sum after download with --size-only
|
||
- v1.15 - 2015-06-06
|
||
- Add --checksum flag to only discard transfers by MD5SUM - thanks
|
||
Alex Couper
|
||
- Implement --size-only flag to sync on size not checksum &
|
||
modtime
|
||
- Expand docs and remove duplicated information
|
||
- Document rclone's limitations with directories
|
||
- dropbox: update docs about case insensitivity
|
||
- v1.14 - 2015-05-21
|
||
- local: fix encoding of non utf-8 file names - fixes a duplicate
|
||
file problem
|
||
- drive: docs about rate limiting
|
||
- google cloud storage: Fix compile after API change in
|
||
"google.golang.org/api/storage/v1"
|
||
- v1.13 - 2015-05-10
|
||
- Revise documentation (especially sync)
|
||
- Implement --timeout and --conntimeout
|
||
- s3: ignore etags from multipart uploads which aren't md5sums
|
||
- v1.12 - 2015-03-15
|
||
- drive: Use chunked upload for files above a certain size
|
||
- drive: add --drive-chunk-size and --drive-upload-cutoff
|
||
parameters
|
||
- drive: switch to insert from update when a failed copy deletes
|
||
the upload
|
||
- core: Log duplicate files if they are detected
|
||
- v1.11 - 2015-03-04
|
||
- swift: add region parameter
|
||
- drive: fix crash on failed to update remote mtime
|
||
- In remote paths, change native directory separators to /
|
||
- Add synchronization to ls/lsl/lsd output to stop corruptions
|
||
- Ensure all stats/log messages to go stderr
|
||
- Add --log-file flag to log everything (including panics) to file
|
||
- Make it possible to disable stats printing with --stats=0
|
||
- Implement --bwlimit to limit data transfer bandwidth
|
||
- v1.10 - 2015-02-12
|
||
- s3: list an unlimited number of items
|
||
- Fix getting stuck in the configurator
|
||
- v1.09 - 2015-02-07
|
||
- windows: Stop drive letters (eg C:) getting mixed up with
|
||
remotes (eg drive:)
|
||
- local: Fix directory separators on Windows
|
||
- drive: fix rate limit exceeded errors
|
||
- v1.08 - 2015-02-04
|
||
- drive: fix subdirectory listing to not list entire drive
|
||
- drive: Fix SetModTime
|
||
- dropbox: adapt code to recent library changes
|
||
- v1.07 - 2014-12-23
|
||
- google cloud storage: fix memory leak
|
||
- v1.06 - 2014-12-12
|
||
- Fix "Couldn't find home directory" on OSX
|
||
- swift: Add tenant parameter
|
||
- Use new location of Google API packages
|
||
- v1.05 - 2014-08-09
|
||
- Improved tests and consequently lots of minor fixes
|
||
- core: Fix race detected by go race detector
|
||
- core: Fixes after running errcheck
|
||
- drive: reset root directory on Rmdir and Purge
|
||
- fs: Document that Purger returns error on empty directory, test
|
||
and fix
|
||
- google cloud storage: fix ListDir on subdirectory
|
||
- google cloud storage: re-read metadata in SetModTime
|
||
- s3: make reading metadata more reliable to work around eventual
|
||
consistency problems
|
||
- s3: strip trailing / from ListDir()
|
||
- swift: return directories without / in ListDir
|
||
- v1.04 - 2014-07-21
|
||
- google cloud storage: Fix crash on Update
|
||
- v1.03 - 2014-07-20
|
||
- swift, s3, dropbox: fix updated files being marked as corrupted
|
||
- Make compile with go 1.1 again
|
||
- v1.02 - 2014-07-19
|
||
- Implement Dropbox remote
|
||
- Implement Google Cloud Storage remote
|
||
- Verify Md5sums and Sizes after copies
|
||
- Remove times from "ls" command - lists sizes only
|
||
- Add add "lsl" - lists times and sizes
|
||
- Add "md5sum" command
|
||
- v1.01 - 2014-07-04
|
||
- drive: fix transfer of big files using up lots of memory
|
||
- v1.00 - 2014-07-03
|
||
- drive: fix whole second dates
|
||
- v0.99 - 2014-06-26
|
||
- Fix --dry-run not working
|
||
- Make compatible with go 1.1
|
||
- v0.98 - 2014-05-30
|
||
- s3: Treat missing Content-Length as 0 for some ceph
|
||
installations
|
||
- rclonetest: add file with a space in
|
||
- v0.97 - 2014-05-05
|
||
- Implement copying of single files
|
||
- s3 & swift: support paths inside containers/buckets
|
||
- v0.96 - 2014-04-24
|
||
- drive: Fix multiple files of same name being created
|
||
- drive: Use o.Update and fs.Put to optimise transfers
|
||
- Add version number, -V and --version
|
||
- v0.95 - 2014-03-28
|
||
- rclone.org: website, docs and graphics
|
||
- drive: fix path parsing
|
||
- v0.94 - 2014-03-27
|
||
- Change remote format one last time
|
||
- GNU style flags
|
||
- v0.93 - 2014-03-16
|
||
- drive: store token in config file
|
||
- cross compile other versions
|
||
- set strict permissions on config file
|
||
- v0.92 - 2014-03-15
|
||
- Config fixes and --config option
|
||
- v0.91 - 2014-03-15
|
||
- Make config file
|
||
- v0.90 - 2013-06-27
|
||
- Project named rclone
|
||
- v0.00 - 2012-11-18
|
||
- Project started
|
||
|
||
|
||
Bugs and Limitations
|
||
|
||
Empty directories are left behind / not created
|
||
|
||
With remotes that have a concept of directory, eg Local and Drive, empty
|
||
directories may be left behind, or not created when one was expected.
|
||
|
||
This is because rclone doesn't have a concept of a directory - it only
|
||
works on objects. Most of the object storage systems can't actually
|
||
store a directory so there is nowhere for rclone to store anything about
|
||
directories.
|
||
|
||
You can work round this to some extent with thepurge command which will
|
||
delete everything under the path, INLUDING empty directories.
|
||
|
||
This may be fixed at some point in Issue #100
|
||
|
||
Directory timestamps aren't preserved
|
||
|
||
For the same reason as the above, rclone doesn't have a concept of a
|
||
directory - it only works on objects, therefore it can't preserve the
|
||
timestamps of directories.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Frequently Asked Questions
|
||
|
||
Do all cloud storage systems support all rclone commands
|
||
|
||
Yes they do. All the rclone commands (eg sync, copy etc) will work on
|
||
all the remote storage systems.
|
||
|
||
Can I copy the config from one machine to another
|
||
|
||
Sure! Rclone stores all of its config in a single file. If you want to
|
||
find this file, the simplest way is to run rclone -h and look at the
|
||
help for the --config flag which will tell you where it is.
|
||
|
||
See the remote setup docs for more info.
|
||
|
||
How do I configure rclone on a remote / headless box with no browser?
|
||
|
||
This has now been documented in its own remote setup page.
|
||
|
||
Can rclone sync directly from drive to s3
|
||
|
||
Rclone can sync between two remote cloud storage systems just fine.
|
||
|
||
Note that it effectively downloads the file and uploads it again, so the
|
||
node running rclone would need to have lots of bandwidth.
|
||
|
||
The syncs would be incremental (on a file by file basis).
|
||
|
||
Eg
|
||
|
||
rclone sync drive:Folder s3:bucket
|
||
|
||
Using rclone from multiple locations at the same time
|
||
|
||
You can use rclone from multiple places at the same time if you choose
|
||
different subdirectory for the output, eg
|
||
|
||
Server A> rclone sync /tmp/whatever remote:ServerA
|
||
Server B> rclone sync /tmp/whatever remote:ServerB
|
||
|
||
If you sync to the same directory then you should use rclone copy
|
||
otherwise the two rclones may delete each others files, eg
|
||
|
||
Server A> rclone copy /tmp/whatever remote:Backup
|
||
Server B> rclone copy /tmp/whatever remote:Backup
|
||
|
||
The file names you upload from Server A and Server B should be different
|
||
in this case, otherwise some file systems (eg Drive) may make
|
||
duplicates.
|
||
|
||
Why doesn't rclone support partial transfers / binary diffs like rsync?
|
||
|
||
Rclone stores each file you transfer as a native object on the remote
|
||
cloud storage system. This means that you can see the files you upload
|
||
as expected using alternative access methods (eg using the Google Drive
|
||
web interface). There is a 1:1 mapping between files on your hard disk
|
||
and objects created in the cloud storage system.
|
||
|
||
Cloud storage systems (at least none I've come across yet) don't support
|
||
partially uploading an object. You can't take an existing object, and
|
||
change some bytes in the middle of it.
|
||
|
||
It would be possible to make a sync system which stored binary diffs
|
||
instead of whole objects like rclone does, but that would break the 1:1
|
||
mapping of files on your hard disk to objects in the remote cloud
|
||
storage system.
|
||
|
||
All the cloud storage systems support partial downloads of content, so
|
||
it would be possible to make partial downloads work. However to make
|
||
this work efficiently this would require storing a significant amount of
|
||
metadata, which breaks the desired 1:1 mapping of files to objects.
|
||
|
||
Can rclone do bi-directional sync?
|
||
|
||
No, not at present. rclone only does uni-directional sync from A -> B.
|
||
It may do in the future though since it has all the primitives - it just
|
||
requires writing the algorithm to do it.
|
||
|
||
Can I use rclone with an HTTP proxy?
|
||
|
||
Yes. rclone will use the environment variables HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY
|
||
and NO_PROXY, similar to cURL and other programs.
|
||
|
||
HTTPS_PROXY takes precedence over HTTP_PROXY for https requests.
|
||
|
||
The environment values may be either a complete URL or a "host[:port]",
|
||
in which case the "http" scheme is assumed.
|
||
|
||
The NO_PROXY allows you to disable the proxy for specific hosts. Hosts
|
||
must be comma separated, and can contain domains or parts. For instance
|
||
"foo.com" also matches "bar.foo.com".
|
||
|
||
Rclone gives x509: failed to load system roots and no roots provided error
|
||
|
||
This means that rclone can't file the SSL root certificates. Likely you
|
||
are running rclone on a NAS with a cut-down Linux OS.
|
||
|
||
Rclone (via the Go runtime) tries to load the root certificates from
|
||
these places on Linux.
|
||
|
||
"/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt", // Debian/Ubuntu/Gentoo etc.
|
||
"/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt", // Fedora/RHEL
|
||
"/etc/ssl/ca-bundle.pem", // OpenSUSE
|
||
"/etc/pki/tls/cacert.pem", // OpenELEC
|
||
|
||
So doing something like this should fix the problem. It also sets the
|
||
time which is important for SSL to work properly.
|
||
|
||
mkdir -p /etc/ssl/certs/
|
||
curl -o /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bagder/ca-bundle/master/ca-bundle.crt
|
||
ntpclient -s -h pool.ntp.org
|
||
|
||
|
||
License
|
||
|
||
This is free software under the terms of MIT the license (check the
|
||
COPYING file included with the source code).
|
||
|
||
Copyright (C) 2012 by Nick Craig-Wood http://www.craig-wood.com/nick/
|
||
|
||
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
|
||
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
|
||
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
|
||
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
|
||
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
|
||
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
|
||
|
||
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
|
||
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
|
||
|
||
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
|
||
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
|
||
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
|
||
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
|
||
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
|
||
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
|
||
THE SOFTWARE.
|
||
|
||
|
||
Authors
|
||
|
||
- Nick Craig-Wood nick@craig-wood.com
|
||
|
||
|
||
Contributors
|
||
|
||
- Alex Couper amcouper@gmail.com
|
||
- Leonid Shalupov leonid@shalupov.com
|
||
- Shimon Doodkin helpmepro1@gmail.com
|
||
- Colin Nicholson colin@colinn.com
|
||
- Klaus Post klauspost@gmail.com
|
||
- Sergey Tolmachev tolsi.ru@gmail.com
|
||
- Adriano Aurélio Meirelles adriano@atinge.com
|
||
- C. Bess cbess@users.noreply.github.com
|
||
- Dmitry Burdeev dibu28@gmail.com
|
||
- Joseph Spurrier github@josephspurrier.com
|
||
- Björn Harrtell bjorn@wololo.org
|
||
- Xavier Lucas xavier.lucas@corp.ovh.com
|
||
- Werner Beroux werner@beroux.com
|
||
|
||
|
||
Contact the rclone project
|
||
|
||
The project website is at:
|
||
|
||
- https://github.com/ncw/rclone
|
||
|
||
There you can file bug reports, ask for help or contribute pull
|
||
requests.
|
||
|
||
See also
|
||
|
||
- Google+ page for general comments
|
||
|
||
Or email Nick Craig-Wood
|