discourse/app/models/user.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  include Searchable
  include Roleable
  include HasCustomFields
  include SecondFactorManager
  include HasDestroyedWebHook
  include HasDeprecatedColumns

  DEFAULT_FEATURED_BADGE_COUNT = 3

  PASSWORD_SALT_LENGTH = 16
  TARGET_PASSWORD_ALGORITHM =
    "$pbkdf2-#{Rails.configuration.pbkdf2_algorithm}$i=#{Rails.configuration.pbkdf2_iterations},l=32$"

  MAX_SIMILAR_USERS = 10

  deprecate_column :flag_level, drop_from: "3.2"

  # not deleted on user delete
  has_many :posts
  has_many :topics
  has_many :uploads

  has_many :category_users, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :tag_users, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :user_api_keys, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :topic_allowed_users, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :user_archived_messages, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :email_change_requests, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :email_tokens, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :topic_links, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :user_uploads, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :upload_references, as: :target, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :user_emails, dependent: :destroy, autosave: true
  has_many :user_associated_accounts, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :oauth2_user_infos, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :user_second_factors, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :user_badges, -> { for_enabled_badges }, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :user_auth_tokens, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :group_users, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :user_warnings, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :api_keys, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :push_subscriptions, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :acting_group_histories,
           dependent: :destroy,
           foreign_key: :acting_user_id,
           class_name: "GroupHistory"
  has_many :targeted_group_histories,
           dependent: :destroy,
           foreign_key: :target_user_id,
           class_name: "GroupHistory"
  has_many :reviewable_scores, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :invites, foreign_key: :invited_by_id, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :user_custom_fields, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :user_associated_groups, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :pending_posts,
           -> { merge(Reviewable.pending) },
           class_name: "ReviewableQueuedPost",
           foreign_key: :target_created_by_id

  has_one :user_option, dependent: :destroy
  has_one :user_avatar, dependent: :destroy
  has_one :primary_email,
          -> { where(primary: true) },
          class_name: "UserEmail",
          dependent: :destroy,
          autosave: true,
          validate: false
  has_one :user_stat, dependent: :destroy
  has_one :user_profile, dependent: :destroy, inverse_of: :user
  has_one :single_sign_on_record, dependent: :destroy
  has_one :anonymous_user_master, class_name: "AnonymousUser", dependent: :destroy
  has_one :anonymous_user_shadow,
          ->(record) { where(active: true) },
          foreign_key: :master_user_id,
          class_name: "AnonymousUser",
          dependent: :destroy
  has_one :invited_user, dependent: :destroy
  has_one :user_notification_schedule, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :passwords, class_name: "UserPassword", dependent: :destroy

  # delete all is faster but bypasses callbacks
  has_many :bookmarks, dependent: :delete_all
  has_many :notifications, dependent: :delete_all
  has_many :topic_users, dependent: :delete_all
  has_many :incoming_emails, dependent: :delete_all
  has_many :user_visits, dependent: :delete_all
  has_many :user_auth_token_logs, dependent: :delete_all
  has_many :group_requests, dependent: :delete_all
  has_many :muted_user_records, class_name: "MutedUser", dependent: :delete_all
  has_many :ignored_user_records, class_name: "IgnoredUser", dependent: :delete_all
  has_many :do_not_disturb_timings, dependent: :delete_all
  has_many :sidebar_sections, dependent: :destroy
  has_one :user_status, dependent: :destroy

  # dependent deleting handled via before_destroy (special cases)
  has_many :user_actions
  has_many :post_actions
  has_many :post_timings
  has_many :directory_items
  has_many :email_logs
  has_many :security_keys, -> { where(enabled: true) }, class_name: "UserSecurityKey"
  has_many :all_security_keys, class_name: "UserSecurityKey"

  has_many :badges, through: :user_badges
  has_many :default_featured_user_badges,
           -> do
             max_featured_rank =
               (
                 if SiteSetting.max_favorite_badges > 0
                   SiteSetting.max_favorite_badges + 1
                 else
                   DEFAULT_FEATURED_BADGE_COUNT
                 end
               )
             for_enabled_badges.grouped_with_count.where("featured_rank <= ?", max_featured_rank)
           end,
           class_name: "UserBadge"

  has_many :topics_allowed, through: :topic_allowed_users, source: :topic
  has_many :groups, through: :group_users
  has_many :secure_categories, -> { distinct }, through: :groups, source: :categories
  has_many :associated_groups, through: :user_associated_groups, dependent: :destroy

  # deleted in user_second_factors relationship
  has_many :totps,
           -> { where(method: UserSecondFactor.methods[:totp], enabled: true) },
           class_name: "UserSecondFactor"

  has_one :master_user, through: :anonymous_user_master
  has_one :shadow_user, through: :anonymous_user_shadow, source: :user

  has_one :profile_background_upload, through: :user_profile
  has_one :card_background_upload, through: :user_profile
  belongs_to :approved_by, class_name: "User"
  belongs_to :primary_group, class_name: "Group"
  belongs_to :flair_group, class_name: "Group"

  has_many :muted_users, through: :muted_user_records
  has_many :ignored_users, through: :ignored_user_records

  belongs_to :uploaded_avatar, class_name: "Upload"

  has_many :sidebar_section_links, dependent: :delete_all
  has_many :embeddable_hosts

  delegate :last_sent_email_address, to: :email_logs

  validates_presence_of :username
  validate :username_validator, if: :will_save_change_to_username?
  validate :password_validator
  validate :name_validator, if: :will_save_change_to_name?
  validates :name, user_full_name: true, if: :will_save_change_to_name?, length: { maximum: 255 }
  validates :ip_address, allowed_ip_address: { on: :create }
  validates :primary_email, presence: true, unless: :skip_email_validation
  validates :validatable_user_fields_values,
            watched_words: true,
            unless: :should_skip_user_fields_validation?

  validates_associated :primary_email,
                       message: ->(_, user_email) do
                         user_email[:value]&.errors&.[](:email)&.first.to_s
                       end

  after_initialize :add_trust_level

  before_validation :set_skip_validate_email

  after_create :create_email_token
  after_create :create_user_stat
  after_create :create_user_option
  after_create :create_user_profile
  after_create :set_random_avatar
  after_create :ensure_in_trust_level_group
  after_create :set_default_categories_preferences
  after_create :set_default_tags_preferences
  after_create :set_default_sidebar_section_links
  after_update :set_default_sidebar_section_links, if: Proc.new { self.saved_change_to_staged? }

  after_update :trigger_user_updated_event,
               if: Proc.new { self.human? && self.saved_change_to_uploaded_avatar_id? }

  after_update :trigger_user_automatic_group_refresh, if: :saved_change_to_staged?
  after_update :change_display_name, if: :saved_change_to_name?

  before_save :update_usernames
  before_save :ensure_password_is_hashed
  before_save :match_primary_group_changes
  before_save :check_if_title_is_badged_granted
  before_save :apply_watched_words, unless: :should_skip_user_fields_validation?
  before_save :check_qualification_for_users_directory,
              if: Proc.new { SiteSetting.bootstrap_mode_enabled }

  after_save :expire_tokens_if_password_changed
  after_save :clear_global_notice_if_needed
  after_save :refresh_avatar
  after_save :badge_grant
  after_save :expire_old_email_tokens
  after_save :index_search
  after_save :check_site_contact_username
  after_save :add_to_user_directory,
             if: Proc.new { SiteSetting.bootstrap_mode_enabled && @qualified_for_users_directory }

  after_save do
    if saved_change_to_uploaded_avatar_id?
      UploadReference.ensure_exist!(upload_ids: [self.uploaded_avatar_id], target: self)
    end
  end

  after_commit :trigger_user_created_event, on: :create
  after_commit :trigger_user_destroyed_event, on: :destroy

  before_destroy do
    # These tables don't have primary keys, so destroying them with activerecord is tricky:
    PostTiming.where(user_id: self.id).delete_all
    TopicViewItem.where(user_id: self.id).delete_all
    UserAction.where(
      "user_id = :user_id OR target_user_id = :user_id OR acting_user_id = :user_id",
      user_id: self.id,
    ).delete_all

    # we need to bypass the default scope here, which appears not bypassed for :delete_all
    # however :destroy it is bypassed
    PostAction.with_deleted.where(user_id: self.id).delete_all

    # This is a perf optimisation to ensure we hit the index
    # without this we need to scan a much larger number of rows
    DirectoryItem
      .where(user_id: self.id)
      .where("period_type in (?)", DirectoryItem.period_types.values)
      .delete_all

    # our relationship filters on enabled, this makes sure everything is deleted
    UserSecurityKey.where(user_id: self.id).delete_all

    Developer.where(user_id: self.id).delete_all
    DraftSequence.where(user_id: self.id).delete_all
    GivenDailyLike.where(user_id: self.id).delete_all
    MutedUser.where(user_id: self.id).or(MutedUser.where(muted_user_id: self.id)).delete_all
    IgnoredUser.where(user_id: self.id).or(IgnoredUser.where(ignored_user_id: self.id)).delete_all
    UserAvatar.where(user_id: self.id).delete_all
  end

  # Skip validating email, for example from a particular auth provider plugin
  attr_accessor :skip_email_validation

  # Whether we need to be sending a system message after creation
  attr_accessor :send_welcome_message

  # This is just used to pass some information into the serializer
  attr_accessor :notification_channel_position

  # set to true to optimize creation and save for imports
  attr_accessor :import_mode

  # Cache for user custom fields. Currently it is used to display quick search results
  attr_accessor :custom_data

  # Information if user was authenticated with OAuth
  attr_accessor :authenticated_with_oauth

  scope :with_email,
        ->(email) { joins(:user_emails).where("lower(user_emails.email) IN (?)", email) }

  scope :with_primary_email,
        ->(email) do
          joins(:user_emails).where(
            "lower(user_emails.email) IN (?) AND user_emails.primary",
            email,
          )
        end

  scope :human_users,
        ->(allowed_bot_user_ids: nil) do
          if allowed_bot_user_ids.present?
            where("users.id > 0 OR users.id IN (?)", allowed_bot_user_ids)
          else
            where("users.id > 0")
          end
        end

  # excluding fake users like the system user or anonymous users
  scope :real,
        ->(allowed_bot_user_ids: nil) do
          human_users(allowed_bot_user_ids: allowed_bot_user_ids).where(
            "NOT EXISTS(
                     SELECT 1
                     FROM anonymous_users a
                     WHERE a.user_id = users.id
                  )",
          )
        end

  # TODO-PERF: There is no indexes on any of these
  # and NotifyMailingListSubscribers does a select-all-and-loop
  # may want to create an index on (active, silence, suspended_till)?
  scope :silenced, -> { where("silenced_till IS NOT NULL AND silenced_till > ?", Time.zone.now) }
  scope :not_silenced, -> { where("silenced_till IS NULL OR silenced_till <= ?", Time.zone.now) }
  scope :suspended, -> { where("suspended_till IS NOT NULL AND suspended_till > ?", Time.zone.now) }
  scope :not_suspended, -> { where("suspended_till IS NULL OR suspended_till <= ?", Time.zone.now) }
  scope :activated, -> { where(active: true) }
  scope :not_staged, -> { where(staged: false) }

  scope :filter_by_username,
        ->(filter) do
          if filter.is_a?(Array)
            where("username_lower ~* ?", "(#{filter.join("|")})")
          else
            where("username_lower ILIKE ?", "%#{filter}%")
          end
        end

  scope :filter_by_username_or_email,
        ->(filter) do
          if filter.is_a?(String) && filter =~ /.+@.+/
            # probably an email so try the bypass
            if user_id = UserEmail.where("lower(email) = ?", filter.downcase).pick(:user_id)
              return where("users.id = ?", user_id)
            end
          end

          users = joins(:primary_email)

          if filter.is_a?(Array)
            users.where(
              "username_lower ~* :filter OR lower(user_emails.email) SIMILAR TO :filter",
              filter: "(#{filter.join("|")})",
            )
          else
            users.where(
              "username_lower ILIKE :filter OR lower(user_emails.email) ILIKE :filter",
              filter: "%#{filter}%",
            )
          end
        end

  scope :watching_topic,
        ->(topic) do
          joins(
            DB.sql_fragment(
              "LEFT JOIN category_users ON category_users.user_id = users.id AND category_users.category_id = :category_id",
              category_id: topic.category_id,
            ),
          )
            .joins(
              DB.sql_fragment(
                "LEFT JOIN topic_users ON topic_users.user_id = users.id AND topic_users.topic_id = :topic_id",
                topic_id: topic.id,
              ),
            )
            .joins(
              "LEFT JOIN tag_users ON tag_users.user_id = users.id AND tag_users.tag_id IN (#{topic.tag_ids.join(",").presence || "NULL"})",
            )
            .where(
              "category_users.notification_level > 0 OR topic_users.notification_level > 0 OR tag_users.notification_level > 0",
            )
        end

  module NewTopicDuration
    ALWAYS = -1
    LAST_VISIT = -2
  end

  MAX_STAFF_DELETE_POST_COUNT ||= 5

  def self.user_tips
    @user_tips ||=
      Enum.new(
        first_notification: 1,
        topic_timeline: 2,
        post_menu: 3,
        topic_notification_levels: 4,
        suggested_topics: 5,
      )
  end

  def should_skip_user_fields_validation?
    custom_fields_clean? || SiteSetting.disable_watched_word_checking_in_user_fields
  end

  def all_sidebar_sections
    sidebar_sections
      .or(SidebarSection.public_sections)
      .includes(:sidebar_urls)
      .order("(section_type IS NOT NULL) DESC, (public IS TRUE) DESC")
  end

  def secured_sidebar_category_ids(user_guardian = nil)
    user_guardian ||= guardian

    SidebarSectionLink.where(user_id: self.id, linkable_type: "Category").pluck(:linkable_id) &
      user_guardian.allowed_category_ids
  end

  def visible_sidebar_tags(user_guardian = nil)
    user_guardian ||= guardian

    DiscourseTagging.filter_visible(
      Tag.where(
        id: SidebarSectionLink.where(user_id: self.id, linkable_type: "Tag").select(:linkable_id),
      ),
      user_guardian,
    )
  end

  def self.max_password_length
    200
  end

  def self.username_length
    SiteSetting.min_username_length.to_i..SiteSetting.max_username_length.to_i
  end

  def self.normalize_username(username)
    username.to_s.unicode_normalize.downcase if username.present?
  end

  def self.username_available?(username, email = nil, allow_reserved_username: false)
    lower = normalize_username(username)
    return false if !allow_reserved_username && reserved_username?(lower)
    return true if !username_exists?(lower)

    # staged users can use the same username since they will take over the account
    email.present? &&
      User.joins(:user_emails).exists?(
        staged: true,
        username_lower: lower,
        user_emails: {
          primary: true,
          email: email,
        },
      )
  end

  def self.reserved_username?(username)
    username = normalize_username(username)

    return true if SiteSetting.here_mention == username

    SiteSetting
      .reserved_usernames
      .unicode_normalize
      .split("|")
      .any? { |reserved| username.match?(/\A#{Regexp.escape(reserved).gsub('\*', ".*")}\z/) }
  end

  def self.editable_user_custom_fields(by_staff: false)
    fields = []
    fields.push(*DiscoursePluginRegistry.self_editable_user_custom_fields)
    fields.push(*DiscoursePluginRegistry.staff_editable_user_custom_fields) if by_staff

    fields.uniq
  end

  def self.allowed_user_custom_fields(guardian)
    fields = []

    fields.push(*DiscoursePluginRegistry.public_user_custom_fields)

    if SiteSetting.public_user_custom_fields.present?
      fields.push(*SiteSetting.public_user_custom_fields.split("|"))
    end

    if guardian.is_staff?
      if SiteSetting.staff_user_custom_fields.present?
        fields.push(*SiteSetting.staff_user_custom_fields.split("|"))
      end

      fields.push(*DiscoursePluginRegistry.staff_user_custom_fields)
    end

    fields.uniq
  end

  def self.human_user_id?(user_id)
    user_id > 0
  end

  def human?
    User.human_user_id?(self.id)
  end

  def bot?
    !self.human?
  end

  def effective_locale
    if SiteSetting.allow_user_locale && self.locale.present?
      self.locale
    else
      SiteSetting.default_locale
    end
  end

  def bookmarks_of_type(type)
    bookmarks.where(bookmarkable_type: type)
  end

  EMAIL = /([^@]+)@([^\.]+)/
  FROM_STAGED = "from_staged"

  def self.new_from_params(params)
    user = User.new
    user.name = params[:name]
    user.email = params[:email]
    user.password = params[:password]
    user.username = params[:username]
    user
  end

  def unstage!
    if self.staged
      ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
        self.staged = false
        self.custom_fields[FROM_STAGED] = true
        self.notifications.destroy_all
        save!
      end

      DiscourseEvent.trigger(:user_unstaged, self)
    end
  end

  def self.suggest_name(string)
    return "" if string.blank?
    (string[/\A[^@]+/].presence || string[/[^@]+\z/]).tr(".", " ").titleize
  end

  def self.find_by_username_or_email(username_or_email)
    if username_or_email.include?("@")
      find_by_email(username_or_email)
    else
      find_by_username(username_or_email)
    end
  end

  def self.find_by_email(email, primary: false)
    if primary
      self.with_primary_email(Email.downcase(email)).first
    else
      self.with_email(Email.downcase(email)).first
    end
  end

  def self.find_by_username(username)
    find_by(username_lower: normalize_username(username))
  end

  def in_any_groups?(group_ids)
    group_ids.include?(Group::AUTO_GROUPS[:everyone]) ||
      (is_system_user? && (Group.auto_groups_between(:admins, :trust_level_4) & group_ids).any?) ||
      (group_ids & belonging_to_group_ids).any?
  end

  def belonging_to_group_ids
    @belonging_to_group_ids ||= group_users.pluck(:group_id)
  end

  def group_granted_trust_level
    GroupUser.where(user_id: id).includes(:group).maximum("groups.grant_trust_level")
  end

  def visible_groups
    groups.visible_groups(self)
  end

  def enqueue_welcome_message(message_type)
    return unless SiteSetting.send_welcome_message?
    Jobs.enqueue(:send_system_message, user_id: id, message_type: message_type)
  end

  def enqueue_member_welcome_message
    return unless SiteSetting.send_tl1_welcome_message?
    Jobs.enqueue(:send_system_message, user_id: id, message_type: "welcome_tl1_user")
  end

  def enqueue_tl2_promotion_message
    return unless SiteSetting.send_tl2_promotion_message
    Jobs.enqueue(:send_system_message, user_id: id, message_type: "tl2_promotion_message")
  end

  def enqueue_staff_welcome_message(role)
    return unless staff?
    return if is_singular_admin?

    Jobs.enqueue(
      :send_system_message,
      user_id: id,
      message_type: "welcome_staff",
      message_options: {
        role: role.to_s,
      },
    )
  end

  def change_username(new_username, actor = nil)
    UsernameChanger.change(self, new_username, actor)
  end

  def created_topic_count
    stat.topic_count
  end

  alias_method :topic_count, :created_topic_count

  # tricky, we need our bus to be subscribed from the right spot
  def sync_notification_channel_position
    @unread_notifications_by_type = nil
    self.notification_channel_position = MessageBus.last_id("/notification/#{id}")
  end

  def invited_by
    # this is unfortunate, but when an invite is redeemed,
    # any user created by the invite is created *after*
    # the invite's redeemed_at
    invite_redemption_delay = 5.seconds
    used_invite =
      Invite
        .with_deleted
        .joins(:invited_users)
        .where(
          "invited_users.user_id = ? AND invited_users.redeemed_at <= ?",
          self.id,
          self.created_at + invite_redemption_delay,
        )
        .first
    used_invite.try(:invited_by)
  end

  def should_validate_email_address?
    !skip_email_validation && !staged?
  end

  def self.email_hash(email)
    Digest::MD5.hexdigest(email.strip.downcase)
  end

  def email_hash
    User.email_hash(email)
  end

  def reload
    @unread_notifications = nil
    @all_unread_notifications_count = nil
    @unread_total_notifications = nil
    @unread_pms = nil
    @unread_bookmarks = nil
    @unread_high_prios = nil
    @ignored_user_ids = nil
    @muted_user_ids = nil
    @belonging_to_group_ids = nil
    super
  end

  def ignored_user_ids
    @ignored_user_ids ||= ignored_users.pluck(:id)
  end

  def muted_user_ids
    @muted_user_ids ||= muted_users.pluck(:id)
  end

  def unread_notifications_of_type(notification_type, since: nil)
    # perf critical, much more efficient than AR
    sql = <<~SQL
        SELECT COUNT(*)
          FROM notifications n
     LEFT JOIN topics t ON t.id = n.topic_id
         WHERE t.deleted_at IS NULL
           AND n.notification_type = :notification_type
           AND n.user_id = :user_id
           AND NOT read
           #{since ? "AND n.created_at > :since" : ""}
    SQL

    # to avoid coalesce we do to_i
    DB.query_single(sql, user_id: id, notification_type: notification_type, since: since)[0].to_i
  end

  def unread_notifications_of_priority(high_priority:)
    # perf critical, much more efficient than AR
    sql = <<~SQL
        SELECT COUNT(*)
          FROM notifications n
     LEFT JOIN topics t ON t.id = n.topic_id
         WHERE t.deleted_at IS NULL
           AND n.high_priority = :high_priority
           AND n.user_id = :user_id
           AND NOT read
    SQL

    # to avoid coalesce we do to_i
    DB.query_single(sql, user_id: id, high_priority: high_priority)[0].to_i
  end

  MAX_UNREAD_BACKLOG = 400
  def grouped_unread_notifications
    results = DB.query(<<~SQL, user_id: self.id, limit: MAX_UNREAD_BACKLOG)
      SELECT X.notification_type AS type, COUNT(*) FROM (
        SELECT n.notification_type
        FROM notifications n
        LEFT JOIN topics t ON t.id = n.topic_id
        WHERE t.deleted_at IS NULL
          AND n.user_id = :user_id
          AND NOT n.read
        LIMIT :limit
      ) AS X
      GROUP BY X.notification_type
    SQL
    results.map! { |row| [row.type, row.count] }
    results.to_h
  end

  def unread_high_priority_notifications
    @unread_high_prios ||= unread_notifications_of_priority(high_priority: true)
  end

  def new_personal_messages_notifications_count
    args = {
      user_id: self.id,
      seen_notification_id: self.seen_notification_id,
      private_message: Notification.types[:private_message],
    }

    DB.query_single(<<~SQL, args).first
      SELECT COUNT(*)
      FROM notifications
      WHERE user_id = :user_id
      AND id > :seen_notification_id
      AND NOT read
      AND notification_type = :private_message
    SQL
  end

  # PERF: This safeguard is in place to avoid situations where
  # a user with enormous amounts of unread data can issue extremely
  # expensive queries
  MAX_UNREAD_NOTIFICATIONS = 99

  def self.max_unread_notifications
    @max_unread_notifications ||= MAX_UNREAD_NOTIFICATIONS
  end

  def self.max_unread_notifications=(val)
    @max_unread_notifications = val
  end

  def unread_notifications
    @unread_notifications ||=
      begin
        # perf critical, much more efficient than AR
        sql = <<~SQL
        SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (
          SELECT 1 FROM
          notifications n
          LEFT JOIN topics t ON t.id = n.topic_id
           WHERE t.deleted_at IS NULL AND
            n.high_priority = FALSE AND
            n.user_id = :user_id AND
            n.id > :seen_notification_id AND
            NOT read
          LIMIT :limit
        ) AS X
      SQL

        DB.query_single(
          sql,
          user_id: id,
          seen_notification_id: seen_notification_id,
          limit: User.max_unread_notifications,
        )[
          0
        ].to_i
      end
  end

  def all_unread_notifications_count
    @all_unread_notifications_count ||=
      begin
        sql = <<~SQL
        SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (
          SELECT 1 FROM
          notifications n
          LEFT JOIN topics t ON t.id = n.topic_id
           WHERE t.deleted_at IS NULL AND
            n.user_id = :user_id AND
            n.id > :seen_notification_id AND
            NOT read
          LIMIT :limit
        ) AS X
      SQL

        DB.query_single(
          sql,
          user_id: id,
          seen_notification_id: seen_notification_id,
          limit: User.max_unread_notifications,
        )[
          0
        ].to_i
      end
  end

  def total_unread_notifications
    @unread_total_notifications ||= notifications.where("read = false").count
  end

  def reviewable_count
    Reviewable.list_for(self, include_claimed_by_others: false).count
  end

  def bump_last_seen_notification!
    query = self.notifications.visible
    query = query.where("notifications.id > ?", seen_notification_id) if seen_notification_id
    if max_notification_id = query.maximum(:id)
      update!(seen_notification_id: max_notification_id)
      true
    else
      false
    end
  end

  def bump_last_seen_reviewable!
    query = Reviewable.unseen_list_for(self, preload: false)

    query = query.where("reviewables.id > ?", last_seen_reviewable_id) if last_seen_reviewable_id
    max_reviewable_id = query.maximum(:id)

    if max_reviewable_id
      update!(last_seen_reviewable_id: max_reviewable_id)
      publish_reviewable_counts
    end
  end

  def publish_reviewable_counts(extra_data = nil)
    data = {
      reviewable_count: self.reviewable_count,
      unseen_reviewable_count: Reviewable.unseen_reviewable_count(self),
    }
    data.merge!(extra_data) if extra_data.present?
    MessageBus.publish("/reviewable_counts/#{self.id}", data, user_ids: [self.id])
  end

  def read_first_notification?
    self.seen_notification_id != 0 || user_option.skip_new_user_tips
  end

  def publish_notifications_state
    return if !self.allow_live_notifications?

    # publish last notification json with the message so we can apply an update
    notification = notifications.visible.order("notifications.created_at desc").first
    json = NotificationSerializer.new(notification).as_json if notification

    sql = (<<~SQL)
       SELECT * FROM (
         SELECT n.id, n.read FROM notifications n
         LEFT JOIN topics t ON n.topic_id = t.id
         WHERE
          t.deleted_at IS NULL AND
          n.high_priority AND
          n.user_id = :user_id AND
          NOT read
        ORDER BY n.id DESC
        LIMIT 20
      ) AS x
      UNION ALL
      SELECT * FROM (
       SELECT n.id, n.read FROM notifications n
       LEFT JOIN topics t ON n.topic_id = t.id
       WHERE
        t.deleted_at IS NULL AND
        (n.high_priority = FALSE OR read) AND
        n.user_id = :user_id
       ORDER BY n.id DESC
       LIMIT 20
      ) AS y
    SQL

    recent = DB.query(sql, user_id: id).map! { |r| [r.id, r.read] }

    payload = {
      unread_notifications: unread_notifications,
      unread_high_priority_notifications: unread_high_priority_notifications,
      read_first_notification: read_first_notification?,
      last_notification: json,
      recent: recent,
      seen_notification_id: seen_notification_id,
    }

    payload[:all_unread_notifications_count] = all_unread_notifications_count
    payload[:grouped_unread_notifications] = grouped_unread_notifications
    payload[:new_personal_messages_notifications_count] = new_personal_messages_notifications_count

    MessageBus.publish("/notification/#{id}", payload, user_ids: [id])
  end

  def publish_do_not_disturb(ends_at: nil)
    MessageBus.publish("/do-not-disturb/#{id}", { ends_at: ends_at&.httpdate }, user_ids: [id])
  end

  def publish_user_status(status)
    if status
      payload = {
        description: status.description,
        emoji: status.emoji,
        ends_at: status.ends_at&.iso8601,
      }
    else
      payload = nil
    end

    MessageBus.publish(
      "/user-status",
      { id => payload },
      group_ids: [Group::AUTO_GROUPS[:trust_level_0]],
    )
  end

  def password=(password)
    # special case for passwordless accounts
    @raw_password = password if password.present?
  end

  def password
    "" # so that validator doesn't complain that a password attribute doesn't exist
  end

  # Indicate that this is NOT a passwordless account for the purposes of validation
  def password_required!
    @password_required = true
  end

  def password_required?
    !!@password_required
  end

  def password_validation_required?
    password_required? || @raw_password.present?
  end

  def has_password?
    password_hash.present?
  end

  def password_validator
    PasswordValidator.new(attributes: :password).validate_each(self, :password, @raw_password)
  end

  def password_expired?(password)
    passwords
      .where("password_expired_at IS NOT NULL AND password_expired_at < ?", Time.zone.now)
      .any? do |user_password|
        user_password.password_hash ==
          hash_password(password, user_password.password_salt, user_password.password_algorithm)
      end
  end

  def confirm_password?(password)
    return false unless password_hash && salt && password_algorithm
    confirmed = self.password_hash == hash_password(password, salt, password_algorithm)

    if confirmed && persisted? && password_algorithm != TARGET_PASSWORD_ALGORITHM
      # Regenerate password_hash with new algorithm and persist
      salt = SecureRandom.hex(PASSWORD_SALT_LENGTH)
      update_columns(
        password_algorithm: TARGET_PASSWORD_ALGORITHM,
        salt: salt,
        password_hash: hash_password(password, salt, TARGET_PASSWORD_ALGORITHM),
      )
    end

    confirmed
  end

  def new_user_posting_on_first_day?
    !staff? && trust_level < TrustLevel[2] &&
      (
        trust_level == TrustLevel[0] || self.first_post_created_at.nil? ||
          self.first_post_created_at >= 24.hours.ago
      )
  end

  def new_user?
    (created_at >= 24.hours.ago || trust_level == TrustLevel[0]) && trust_level < TrustLevel[2] &&
      !staff?
  end

  def seen_before?
    last_seen_at.present?
  end

  def seen_since?(datetime)
    seen_before? && last_seen_at >= datetime
  end

  def create_visit_record!(date, opts = {})
    user_stat.update_column(:days_visited, user_stat.days_visited + 1)
    user_visits.create!(
      visited_at: date,
      posts_read: opts[:posts_read] || 0,
      mobile: opts[:mobile] || false,
    )
  end

  def visit_record_for(date)
    user_visits.find_by(visited_at: date)
  end

  def update_visit_record!(date)
    create_visit_record!(date) unless visit_record_for(date)
  end

  def update_timezone_if_missing(timezone)
    return if timezone.blank? || !TimezoneValidator.valid?(timezone)

    # we only want to update the user's timezone if they have not set it themselves
    UserOption.where(user_id: self.id, timezone: nil).update_all(timezone: timezone)
  end

  def update_posts_read!(num_posts, opts = {})
    now = opts[:at] || Time.zone.now
    _retry = opts[:retry] || false

    if user_visit = visit_record_for(now.to_date)
      user_visit.posts_read += num_posts
      user_visit.mobile = true if opts[:mobile]
      user_visit.save
      user_visit
    else
      begin
        create_visit_record!(now.to_date, posts_read: num_posts, mobile: opts.fetch(:mobile, false))
      rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique
        if !_retry
          update_posts_read!(num_posts, opts.merge(retry: true))
        else
          raise
        end
      end
    end
  end

  def self.update_ip_address!(user_id, new_ip:, old_ip:)
    can_update_ip_address =
      DiscoursePluginRegistry.apply_modifier(:user_can_update_ip_address, user_id: user_id)
    return if !can_update_ip_address

    unless old_ip == new_ip || new_ip.blank?
      DB.exec(<<~SQL, user_id: user_id, ip_address: new_ip)
        UPDATE users
        SET ip_address = :ip_address
        WHERE id = :user_id
      SQL

      if SiteSetting.keep_old_ip_address_count > 0
        DB.exec(<<~SQL, user_id: user_id, ip_address: new_ip, current_timestamp: Time.zone.now)
        INSERT INTO user_ip_address_histories (user_id, ip_address, created_at, updated_at)
        VALUES (:user_id, :ip_address, :current_timestamp, :current_timestamp)
        ON CONFLICT (user_id, ip_address)
        DO
          UPDATE SET updated_at = :current_timestamp
        SQL

        DB.exec(<<~SQL, user_id: user_id, offset: SiteSetting.keep_old_ip_address_count)
        DELETE FROM user_ip_address_histories
        WHERE id IN (
          SELECT
            id
          FROM user_ip_address_histories
          WHERE user_id = :user_id
          ORDER BY updated_at DESC
          OFFSET :offset
        )
        SQL
      end
    end
  end

  def update_ip_address!(new_ip_address)
    User.update_ip_address!(id, new_ip: new_ip_address, old_ip: ip_address)
  end

  def self.last_seen_redis_key(user_id, now)
    now_date = now.to_date
    "user:#{user_id}:#{now_date}"
  end

  def last_seen_redis_key(now)
    User.last_seen_redis_key(id, now)
  end

  def clear_last_seen_cache!(now = Time.zone.now)
    Discourse.redis.del(last_seen_redis_key(now))
  end

  def self.should_update_last_seen?(user_id, now = Time.zone.now)
    return true if SiteSetting.active_user_rate_limit_secs <= 0

    Discourse.redis.set(
      last_seen_redis_key(user_id, now),
      "1",
      nx: true,
      ex: SiteSetting.active_user_rate_limit_secs,
    )
  end

  def update_last_seen!(now = Time.zone.now, force: false)
    if !force
      return if !User.should_update_last_seen?(self.id, now)
    end

    update_previous_visit(now)
    # using update_column to avoid the AR transaction
    update_column(:last_seen_at, now)
    update_column(:first_seen_at, now) unless self.first_seen_at

    DiscourseEvent.trigger(:user_seen, self)
  end

  def self.gravatar_template(email)
    "//#{SiteSetting.gravatar_base_url}/avatar/#{self.email_hash(email)}.png?s={size}&r=pg&d=identicon"
  end

  # Don't pass this up to the client - it's meant for server side use
  # This is used in
  #   - self oneboxes in open graph data
  #   - emails
  def small_avatar_url
    avatar_template_url.gsub("{size}", "45")
  end

  def avatar_template_url
    UrlHelper.schemaless UrlHelper.absolute avatar_template
  end

  def self.username_hash(username)
    username
      .each_char
      .reduce(0) do |result, char|
        [((result << 5) - result) + char.ord].pack("L").unpack("l").first
      end
      .abs
  end

  def self.default_template(username)
    if SiteSetting.default_avatars.present?
      urls = SiteSetting.default_avatars.split("\n")
      return urls[username_hash(username) % urls.size] if urls.present?
    end

    system_avatar_template(username)
  end

  def self.avatar_template(username, uploaded_avatar_id)
    username ||= ""
    return default_template(username) if !uploaded_avatar_id
    hostname = RailsMultisite::ConnectionManagement.current_hostname
    UserAvatar.local_avatar_template(hostname, username.downcase, uploaded_avatar_id)
  end

  def self.system_avatar_template(username)
    normalized_username = normalize_username(username)

    # TODO it may be worth caching this in a distributed cache, should be benched
    if SiteSetting.external_system_avatars_enabled
      url = SiteSetting.external_system_avatars_url.dup
      url = +"#{Discourse.base_path}#{url}" unless url =~ %r{\Ahttps?://}
      url.gsub! "{color}", letter_avatar_color(normalized_username)
      url.gsub! "{username}", UrlHelper.encode_component(username)
      url.gsub! "{first_letter}",
                UrlHelper.encode_component(normalized_username.grapheme_clusters.first)
      url.gsub! "{hostname}", Discourse.current_hostname
      url
    else
      "#{Discourse.base_path}/letter_avatar/#{normalized_username}/{size}/#{LetterAvatar.version}.png"
    end
  end

  def self.letter_avatar_color(username)
    username ||= ""
    if SiteSetting.restrict_letter_avatar_colors.present?
      hex_length = 6
      colors = SiteSetting.restrict_letter_avatar_colors
      length = colors.count("|") + 1
      num = color_index(username, length)
      index = (num * hex_length) + num
      colors[index, hex_length]
    else
      color = LetterAvatar::COLORS[color_index(username, LetterAvatar::COLORS.length)]
      color.map { |c| c.to_s(16).rjust(2, "0") }.join
    end
  end

  def self.color_index(username, length)
    Digest::MD5.hexdigest(username)[0...15].to_i(16) % length
  end

  def is_system_user?
    id == Discourse::SYSTEM_USER_ID
  end

  def avatar_template
    use_small_logo =
      is_system_user? && SiteSetting.logo_small && SiteSetting.use_site_small_logo_as_system_avatar

    if use_small_logo
      Discourse.store.cdn_url(SiteSetting.logo_small.url)
    else
      self.class.avatar_template(username, uploaded_avatar_id)
    end
  end

  # The following count methods are somewhat slow - definitely don't use them in a loop.
  # They might need to be denormalized
  def like_count
    UserAction.where(user_id: id, action_type: UserAction::WAS_LIKED).count
  end

  def like_given_count
    UserAction.where(user_id: id, action_type: UserAction::LIKE).count
  end

  def post_count
    stat.post_count
  end

  def post_edits_count
    stat.post_edits_count
  end

  def increment_post_edits_count
    stat.increment!(:post_edits_count)
  end

  def post_action_type_view
    @post_action_type_view ||= PostActionTypeView.new
  end

  def flags_given_count
    PostAction.where(
      user_id: id,
      post_action_type_id: post_action_type_view.flag_types_without_additional_message.values,
    ).count
  end

  def warnings_received_count
    user_warnings.count
  end

  def flags_received_count
    posts
      .includes(:post_actions)
      .where(
        "post_actions.post_action_type_id" =>
          post_action_type_view.flag_types_without_additional_message.values,
      )
      .count
  end

  def private_topics_count
    topics_allowed.where(archetype: Archetype.private_message).count
  end

  def posted_too_much_in_topic?(topic_id)
    # Does not apply to staff and non-new members...
    return false if staff? || (trust_level != TrustLevel[0])
    # ... your own topics or in private messages
    topic = Topic.where(id: topic_id).first
    return false if topic.try(:private_message?) || (topic.try(:user_id) == self.id)

    last_action_in_topic = UserAction.last_action_in_topic(id, topic_id)
    since_reply = Post.where(user_id: id, topic_id: topic_id)
    since_reply = since_reply.where("id > ?", last_action_in_topic) if last_action_in_topic

    (since_reply.count >= SiteSetting.newuser_max_replies_per_topic)
  end

  def delete_posts_in_batches(guardian, batch_size = 20)
    raise Discourse::InvalidAccess unless guardian.can_delete_all_posts? self

    Reviewable.where(created_by_id: id).delete_all

    posts
      .order("post_number desc")
      .limit(batch_size)
      .each { |p| PostDestroyer.new(guardian.user, p).destroy }
  end

  def suspended?
    !!(suspended_till && suspended_till > Time.zone.now)
  end

  def silenced?
    !!(silenced_till && silenced_till > Time.zone.now)
  end

  def silenced_record
    UserHistory.for(self, :silence_user).order("id DESC").first
  end

  def silence_reason
    silenced_record.try(:details) if silenced?
  end

  def silenced_at
    silenced_record.try(:created_at) if silenced?
  end

  def silenced_forever?
    silenced_till > 100.years.from_now
  end

  def suspend_record
    UserHistory.for(self, :suspend_user).order("id DESC").first
  end

  def full_suspend_reason
    suspend_record.try(:details) if suspended?
  end

  def suspend_reason
    if details = full_suspend_reason
      return details.split("\n")[0]
    end

    nil
  end

  def suspended_message
    return nil unless suspended?

    message = "login.suspended"
    if suspend_reason
      if suspended_forever?
        message = "login.suspended_with_reason_forever"
      else
        message = "login.suspended_with_reason"
      end
    end

    I18n.t(
      message,
      date: I18n.l(suspended_till, format: :date_only),
      reason: Rack::Utils.escape_html(suspend_reason),
    )
  end

  def suspended_forever?
    suspended_till > 100.years.from_now
  end

  # Use this helper to determine if the user has a particular trust level.
  # Takes into account admin, etc.
  def has_trust_level?(level)
    raise InvalidTrustLevel.new("Invalid trust level #{level}") unless TrustLevel.valid?(level)

    admin? || moderator? || staged? || TrustLevel.compare(trust_level, level)
  end

  def has_trust_level_or_staff?(level)
    return admin? if level.to_s == "admin"
    return staff? if level.to_s == "staff"
    has_trust_level?(level.to_i)
  end

  # a touch faster than automatic
  def admin?
    admin
  end

  def guardian
    Guardian.new(self)
  end

  def username_format_validator
    UsernameValidator.perform_validation(self, "username")
  end

  def email_confirmed?
    email_tokens.where(email: email, confirmed: true).present? || email_tokens.empty? ||
      single_sign_on_record&.external_email&.downcase == email
  end

  def activate
    email_token = self.email_tokens.create!(email: self.email, scope: EmailToken.scopes[:signup])
    EmailToken.confirm(email_token.token, scope: EmailToken.scopes[:signup])
    reload
  end

  def deactivate(performed_by)
    self.update!(active: false)

    if reviewable = ReviewableUser.pending.find_by(target: self)
      reviewable.perform(performed_by, :delete_user)
    end
  end

  def change_trust_level!(level, opts = nil)
    Promotion.new(self).change_trust_level!(level, opts)
  end

  def readable_name
    name.present? && name != username ? "#{name} (#{username})" : username
  end

  def badge_count
    user_stat&.distinct_badge_count
  end

  def featured_user_badges(limit = nil)
    if limit.nil?
      default_featured_user_badges
    else
      user_badges.grouped_with_count.where("featured_rank <= ?", limit)
    end
  end

  def self.count_by_signup_date(start_date = nil, end_date = nil, group_id = nil)
    result = self

    if start_date && end_date
      result = result.group("date(users.created_at)")
      result = result.where("users.created_at >= ? AND users.created_at <= ?", start_date, end_date)
      result = result.order("date(users.created_at)")
    end

    if group_id
      result = result.joins("INNER JOIN group_users ON group_users.user_id = users.id")
      result = result.where("group_users.group_id = ?", group_id)
    end

    result.count
  end

  def self.count_by_first_post(start_date = nil, end_date = nil)
    result = joins("INNER JOIN user_stats AS us ON us.user_id = users.id")

    if start_date && end_date
      result = result.group("date(us.first_post_created_at)")
      result =
        result.where(
          "us.first_post_created_at > ? AND us.first_post_created_at < ?",
          start_date,
          end_date,
        )
      result = result.order("date(us.first_post_created_at)")
    end

    result.count
  end

  def secure_category_ids
    cats =
      if self.admin? && !SiteSetting.suppress_secured_categories_from_admin
        Category.unscoped.where(read_restricted: true)
      else
        secure_categories.references(:categories)
      end

    cats.pluck("categories.id").sort
  end

  # Flag all posts from a user as spam
  def flag_linked_posts_as_spam
    results = []

    disagreed_flag_post_ids =
      PostAction
        .where(post_action_type_id: post_action_type_view.types[:spam])
        .where.not(disagreed_at: nil)
        .pluck(:post_id)

    topic_links
      .includes(:post)
      .where.not(post_id: disagreed_flag_post_ids)
      .each do |tl|
        message =
          I18n.t(
            "flag_reason.spam_hosts",
            base_path: Discourse.base_path,
            locale: SiteSetting.default_locale,
          )
        results << PostActionCreator.create(Discourse.system_user, tl.post, :spam, message: message)
      end

    results
  end

  def has_uploaded_avatar
    uploaded_avatar.present?
  end

  def find_email
    if last_sent_email_address.present? &&
         EmailAddressValidator.valid_value?(last_sent_email_address)
      last_sent_email_address
    else
      email
    end
  end

  def tl3_requirements
    @lq ||= TrustLevel3Requirements.new(self)
  end

  def on_tl3_grace_period?
    return true if SiteSetting.tl3_promotion_min_duration.to_i.days.ago.year < 2013

    UserHistory
      .for(self, :auto_trust_level_change)
      .where("created_at >= ?", SiteSetting.tl3_promotion_min_duration.to_i.days.ago)
      .where(previous_value: TrustLevel[2].to_s)
      .where(new_value: TrustLevel[3].to_s)
      .exists?
  end

  def refresh_avatar
    return if @import_mode

    avatar = user_avatar || create_user_avatar

    if self.primary_email.present? && SiteSetting.automatically_download_gravatars? &&
         !avatar.last_gravatar_download_attempt
      Jobs.cancel_scheduled_job(:update_gravatar, user_id: self.id, avatar_id: avatar.id)
      Jobs.enqueue_in(1.second, :update_gravatar, user_id: self.id, avatar_id: avatar.id)
    end

    # mark all the user's quoted posts as "needing a rebake"
    Post.rebake_all_quoted_posts(self.id) if saved_change_to_uploaded_avatar_id?
  end

  def first_post_created_at
    user_stat.try(:first_post_created_at)
  end

  def associated_accounts
    result = []

    Discourse.authenticators.each do |authenticator|
      account_description = authenticator.description_for_user(self)
      unless account_description.empty?
        result << { name: authenticator.name, description: account_description }
      end
    end

    result
  end

  USER_FIELD_PREFIX ||= "user_field_"

  def user_fields(field_ids = nil)
    field_ids = (@all_user_field_ids ||= UserField.pluck(:id)) if field_ids.nil?

    field_ids.map { |fid| [fid.to_s, custom_fields["#{USER_FIELD_PREFIX}#{fid}"]] }.to_h
  end

  def validatable_user_fields_values
    validatable_user_fields.values.join(" ")
  end

  def set_user_field(field_id, value)
    custom_fields["#{USER_FIELD_PREFIX}#{field_id}"] = value
  end

  def apply_watched_words
    validatable_user_fields.each do |id, value|
      field = WordWatcher.censor_text(value)
      field = WordWatcher.replace_text(field)
      set_user_field(id, field)
    end
  end

  def validatable_user_fields
    # ignore multiselect fields since they are admin-set and thus not user generated content
    @public_user_field_ids ||=
      UserField.public_fields.where.not(field_type: "multiselect").pluck(:id)

    user_fields(@public_user_field_ids)
  end

  def number_of_deleted_posts
    Post.with_deleted.where(user_id: self.id).where.not(deleted_at: nil).count
  end

  def number_of_flagged_posts
    ReviewableFlaggedPost.where(target_created_by: self.id).count
  end

  def number_of_rejected_posts
    ReviewableQueuedPost.rejected.where(target_created_by_id: self.id).count
  end

  def number_of_flags_given
    PostAction
      .where(user_id: self.id)
      .where(disagreed_at: nil)
      .where(post_action_type_id: post_action_type_view.notify_flag_type_ids)
      .count
  end

  def number_of_suspensions
    UserHistory.for(self, :suspend_user).count
  end

  def create_user_profile
    UserProfile.create!(user_id: id)
  end

  def set_random_avatar
    if SiteSetting.selectable_avatars_mode != "disabled"
      if upload = SiteSetting.selectable_avatars.sample
        update_column(:uploaded_avatar_id, upload.id)
        UserAvatar.create!(user_id: id, custom_upload_id: upload.id)
      end
    end
  end

  def anonymous?
    SiteSetting.allow_anonymous_posting && trust_level >= 1 && !!anonymous_user_master
  end

  def is_singular_admin?
    User.where(admin: true).where.not(id: id).human_users.blank?
  end

  def logged_out
    MessageBus.publish "/logout/#{self.id}", self.id, user_ids: [self.id]
    DiscourseEvent.trigger(:user_logged_out, self)
  end

  def logged_in
    DiscourseEvent.trigger(:user_logged_in, self)

    DiscourseEvent.trigger(:user_first_logged_in, self) if !self.seen_before?
  end

  def set_automatic_groups
    return if !active || staged || !email_confirmed?

    Group
      .where(automatic: false)
      .where("LENGTH(COALESCE(automatic_membership_email_domains, '')) > 0")
      .each do |group|
        domains = group.automatic_membership_email_domains.gsub(".", '\.')

        if email =~ Regexp.new("@(#{domains})$", true) && !group.users.include?(self)
          group.add(self)
          GroupActionLogger.new(Discourse.system_user, group).log_add_user_to_group(self)
        end
      end

    @belonging_to_group_ids = nil
  end

  def email
    primary_email&.email
  end

  # Shortcut to set the primary email of the user.
  # Automatically removes any identical secondary emails.
  def email=(new_email)
    if primary_email
      primary_email.email = new_email
    else
      build_primary_email email: new_email, skip_validate_email: !should_validate_email_address?
    end

    if secondary_match =
         user_emails.detect { |ue|
           !ue.primary && Email.downcase(ue.email) == Email.downcase(new_email)
         }
      secondary_match.mark_for_destruction
      primary_email.skip_validate_unique_email = true
    end
  end

  def emails
    self.user_emails.order("user_emails.primary DESC NULLS LAST").pluck(:email)
  end

  def secondary_emails
    self.user_emails.secondary.pluck(:email)
  end

  def unconfirmed_emails
    self
      .email_change_requests
      .where.not(change_state: EmailChangeRequest.states[:complete])
      .pluck(:new_email)
  end

  RECENT_TIME_READ_THRESHOLD ||= 60.days

  def self.preload_recent_time_read(users)
    times =
      UserVisit
        .where(user_id: users.map(&:id))
        .where("visited_at >= ?", RECENT_TIME_READ_THRESHOLD.ago)
        .group(:user_id)
        .sum(:time_read)
    users.each { |u| u.preload_recent_time_read(times[u.id] || 0) }
  end

  def preload_recent_time_read(time)
    @recent_time_read = time
  end

  def recent_time_read
    @recent_time_read ||=
      self.user_visits.where("visited_at >= ?", RECENT_TIME_READ_THRESHOLD.ago).sum(:time_read)
  end

  def from_staged?
    custom_fields[User::FROM_STAGED]
  end

  def mature_staged?
    from_staged? && self.created_at && self.created_at < 1.day.ago
  end

  def next_best_title
    group_titles_query = groups.where("groups.title <> ''")
    group_titles_query =
      group_titles_query.order("groups.id = #{primary_group_id} DESC") if primary_group_id
    group_titles_query = group_titles_query.order("groups.primary_group DESC").limit(1)

    if next_best_group_title = group_titles_query.pick(:title)
      return next_best_group_title
    end

    next_best_badge_title = badges.where(allow_title: true).pick(:name)
    next_best_badge_title ? Badge.display_name(next_best_badge_title) : nil
  end

  def create_reviewable
    return unless SiteSetting.must_approve_users? || SiteSetting.invite_only?
    return if approved?

    Jobs.enqueue(:create_user_reviewable, user_id: self.id)
  end

  def has_more_posts_than?(max_post_count)
    return true if user_stat && (user_stat.topic_count + user_stat.post_count) > max_post_count
    return true if max_post_count < 0

    DB.query_single(<<~SQL, user_id: self.id).first > max_post_count
      SELECT COUNT(1)
      FROM (
        SELECT 1
        FROM posts p
               JOIN topics t ON (p.topic_id = t.id)
        WHERE p.user_id = :user_id AND
          p.deleted_at IS NULL AND
          t.deleted_at IS NULL AND
          (
            t.archetype <> 'private_message' OR
              EXISTS(
                  SELECT 1
                  FROM topic_allowed_users a
                  WHERE a.topic_id = t.id AND a.user_id > 0 AND a.user_id <> :user_id
                ) OR
              EXISTS(
                  SELECT 1
                  FROM topic_allowed_groups g
                  WHERE g.topic_id = p.topic_id
                )
            )
        LIMIT #{max_post_count + 1}
      ) x
    SQL
  end

  def create_or_fetch_secure_identifier
    return secure_identifier if secure_identifier.present?
    new_secure_identifier = SecureRandom.hex(20)
    self.update(secure_identifier: new_secure_identifier)
    new_secure_identifier
  end

  def second_factor_security_keys
    security_keys.where(factor_type: UserSecurityKey.factor_types[:second_factor])
  end

  def second_factor_security_key_credential_ids
    second_factor_security_keys.pluck(:credential_id)
  end

  def passkey_credential_ids
    security_keys.where(factor_type: UserSecurityKey.factor_types[:first_factor]).pluck(
      :credential_id,
    )
  end

  def encoded_username(lower: false)
    UrlHelper.encode_component(lower ? username_lower : username)
  end

  def do_not_disturb?
    active_do_not_disturb_timings.exists?
  end

  def active_do_not_disturb_timings
    now = Time.zone.now
    do_not_disturb_timings.where("starts_at <= ? AND ends_at > ?", now, now)
  end

  def do_not_disturb_until
    active_do_not_disturb_timings.maximum(:ends_at)
  end

  def shelved_notifications
    ShelvedNotification.joins(:notification).where("notifications.user_id = ?", self.id)
  end

  def allow_live_notifications?
    seen_since?(30.days.ago)
  end

  def username_equals_to?(another_username)
    username_lower == User.normalize_username(another_username)
  end

  def relative_url
    "#{Discourse.base_path}/u/#{encoded_username}"
  end

  def full_url
    "#{Discourse.base_url}/u/#{encoded_username}"
  end

  def display_name
    if SiteSetting.prioritize_username_in_ux?
      username
    else
      name.presence || username
    end
  end

  def clear_status!
    user_status.destroy! if user_status
    publish_user_status(nil)
  end

  def set_status!(description, emoji, ends_at = nil)
    status = {
      description: description,
      emoji: emoji,
      set_at: Time.zone.now,
      ends_at: ends_at,
      user_id: id,
    }
    validate_status!(status)
    UserStatus.upsert(status)

    reload_user_status
    publish_user_status(user_status)
  end

  def has_status?
    user_status && !user_status.expired?
  end

  def new_new_view_enabled?
    in_any_groups?(SiteSetting.experimental_new_new_view_groups_map)
  end

  def watched_precedence_over_muted
    if user_option.watched_precedence_over_muted.nil?
      SiteSetting.watched_precedence_over_muted
    else
      user_option.watched_precedence_over_muted
    end
  end

  def populated_required_custom_fields?
    UserField
      .for_all_users
      .pluck(:id)
      .all? { |field_id| custom_fields["#{User::USER_FIELD_PREFIX}#{field_id}"].present? }
  end

  def needs_required_fields_check?
    (required_fields_version || 0) < UserRequiredFieldsVersion.current
  end

  def bump_required_fields_version
    update(required_fields_version: UserRequiredFieldsVersion.current)
  end

  def similar_users
    User
      .real
      .where.not(id: self.id)
      .where(ip_address: self.ip_address, admin: false, moderator: false)
  end

  protected

  def badge_grant
    BadgeGranter.queue_badge_grant(Badge::Trigger::UserChange, user: self)
  end

  def expire_old_email_tokens
    if saved_change_to_password_hash? && !saved_change_to_id?
      email_tokens.where("not expired").update_all(expired: true)
    end
  end

  def index_search
    # force is needed as user custom fields are updated using SQL and after_save callback is not triggered
    SearchIndexer.index(self, force: true)
  end

  def clear_global_notice_if_needed
    return if id < 0

    if admin && SiteSetting.has_login_hint
      SiteSetting.has_login_hint = false
      SiteSetting.global_notice = ""
    end
  end

  def ensure_in_trust_level_group
    Group.user_trust_level_change!(id, trust_level)
  end

  def create_user_stat
    UserStat.create!(new_since: Time.zone.now, user_id: id)
  end

  def create_user_option
    UserOption.create!(user_id: id)
  end

  def create_email_token
    email_tokens.create!(email: email, scope: EmailToken.scopes[:signup])
  end

  def ensure_password_is_hashed
    if @raw_password
      self.salt = SecureRandom.hex(PASSWORD_SALT_LENGTH)
      self.password_algorithm = TARGET_PASSWORD_ALGORITHM
      self.password_hash = hash_password(@raw_password, salt, password_algorithm)
    end
  end

  def expire_tokens_if_password_changed
    # NOTE: setting raw password is the only valid way of changing a password
    # the password field in the DB is actually hashed, nobody should be amending direct
    if @raw_password
      # Association in model may be out-of-sync
      UserAuthToken.where(user_id: id).destroy_all
      # We should not carry this around after save
      @raw_password = nil
      @password_required = false
    end
  end

  def hash_password(password, salt, algorithm)
    raise StandardError.new("password is too long") if password.size > User.max_password_length
    PasswordHasher.hash_password(password: password, salt: salt, algorithm: algorithm)
  end

  def add_trust_level
    # there is a possibility we did not load trust level column, skip it
    return unless has_attribute? :trust_level
    self.trust_level ||= SiteSetting.default_trust_level
  end

  def update_usernames
    self.username.unicode_normalize!
    self.username_lower = username.downcase
  end

  USERNAME_EXISTS_SQL = <<~SQL
    (SELECT users.id AS id, true as is_user FROM users
    WHERE users.username_lower = :username)

    UNION ALL

    (SELECT groups.id, false as is_user FROM groups
    WHERE lower(groups.name) = :username)
  SQL

  def self.username_exists?(username)
    username = normalize_username(username)
    DB.exec(User::USERNAME_EXISTS_SQL, username: username) > 0
  end

  def username_validator
    username_format_validator ||
      begin
        if will_save_change_to_username?
          existing =
            DB.query(USERNAME_EXISTS_SQL, username: self.class.normalize_username(username))

          user_id = existing.select { |u| u.is_user }.first&.id
          same_user = user_id && user_id == self.id

          errors.add(:username, I18n.t(:"user.username.unique")) if existing.present? && !same_user

          if confirm_password?(username) || confirm_password?(username.downcase)
            errors.add(:username, :same_as_password)
          end
        end
      end
  end

  def name_validator
    if name.present?
      name_pw = name[0...User.max_password_length]
      if confirm_password?(name_pw) || confirm_password?(name_pw.downcase)
        errors.add(:name, :same_as_password)
      end
    end
  end

  def set_default_categories_preferences
    return if self.staged?

    values = []

    # The following site settings are used to pre-populate default category
    # tracking settings for a user:
    #
    # * default_categories_watching
    # * default_categories_tracking
    # * default_categories_watching_first_post
    # * default_categories_normal
    # * default_categories_muted
    %w[watching watching_first_post tracking normal muted].each do |setting|
      category_ids = SiteSetting.get("default_categories_#{setting}").split("|").map(&:to_i)
      category_ids.each do |category_id|
        next if category_id == 0
        values << {
          user_id: self.id,
          category_id: category_id,
          notification_level: CategoryUser.notification_levels[setting.to_sym],
        }
      end
    end

    CategoryUser.insert_all(values) if values.present?
  end

  def set_default_tags_preferences
    return if self.staged?

    values = []

    # The following site settings are used to pre-populate default tag
    # tracking settings for a user:
    #
    # * default_tags_watching
    # * default_tags_tracking
    # * default_tags_watching_first_post
    # * default_tags_muted
    %w[watching watching_first_post tracking muted].each do |setting|
      tag_names = SiteSetting.get("default_tags_#{setting}").split("|")
      now = Time.zone.now

      Tag
        .where(name: tag_names)
        .pluck(:id)
        .each do |tag_id|
          values << {
            user_id: self.id,
            tag_id: tag_id,
            notification_level: TagUser.notification_levels[setting.to_sym],
            created_at: now,
            updated_at: now,
          }
        end
    end

    TagUser.insert_all(values) if values.present?
  end

  def self.purge_unactivated
    return [] if SiteSetting.purge_unactivated_users_grace_period_days <= 0

    destroyer = UserDestroyer.new(Discourse.system_user)

    User
      .joins(
        "LEFT JOIN user_histories ON user_histories.target_user_id = users.id AND action = #{UserHistory.actions[:deactivate_user]} AND acting_user_id IS NOT NULL",
      )
      .where(active: false)
      .where("users.created_at < ?", SiteSetting.purge_unactivated_users_grace_period_days.days.ago)
      .where("NOT admin AND NOT moderator")
      .where(
        "NOT EXISTS
              (SELECT 1 FROM topic_allowed_users tu JOIN topics t ON t.id = tu.topic_id AND t.user_id > 0 WHERE tu.user_id = users.id LIMIT 1)
            ",
      )
      .where(
        "NOT EXISTS
              (SELECT 1 FROM posts p WHERE p.user_id = users.id LIMIT 1)
            ",
      )
      .where("user_histories.id IS NULL")
      .limit(200)
      .find_each do |user|
        begin
          destroyer.destroy(user, context: I18n.t(:purge_reason))
        rescue Discourse::InvalidAccess
          # keep going
        end
      end
  end

  def match_primary_group_changes
    return unless primary_group_id_changed?

    self.title = primary_group&.title if Group.exists?(id: primary_group_id_was, title: title)

    self.flair_group_id = primary_group&.id if flair_group_id == primary_group_id_was
  end

  def self.first_login_admin_id
    User
      .where(admin: true)
      .human_users
      .joins(:user_auth_tokens)
      .order("user_auth_tokens.created_at")
      .pick(:id)
  end

  private

  def set_default_sidebar_section_links(update: false)
    return if staged? || bot?

    if SiteSetting.default_navigation_menu_categories.present?
      categories_to_update = SiteSetting.default_navigation_menu_categories.split("|")

      SidebarSectionLinksUpdater.update_category_section_links(
        self,
        category_ids: categories_to_update,
      )
    end

    if SiteSetting.tagging_enabled && SiteSetting.default_navigation_menu_tags.present?
      SidebarSectionLinksUpdater.update_tag_section_links(
        self,
        tag_ids: Tag.where(name: SiteSetting.default_navigation_menu_tags.split("|")).pluck(:id),
      )
    end
  end

  def stat
    user_stat || create_user_stat
  end

  def trigger_user_automatic_group_refresh
    Group.user_trust_level_change!(id, trust_level) if !staged
    true
  end

  def trigger_user_updated_event
    DiscourseEvent.trigger(:user_updated, self)
    true
  end

  def check_if_title_is_badged_granted
    if title_changed? && !new_record? && user_profile
      badge_matching_title =
        title &&
          badges.find do |badge|
            badge.allow_title? && (badge.display_name == title || badge.name == title)
          end
      user_profile.update!(granted_title_badge_id: badge_matching_title&.id)
    end
  end

  def previous_visit_at_update_required?(timestamp)
    seen_before? && (last_seen_at < (timestamp - SiteSetting.previous_visit_timeout_hours.hours))
  end

  def update_previous_visit(timestamp)
    update_visit_record!(timestamp.to_date)
    update_column(:previous_visit_at, last_seen_at) if previous_visit_at_update_required?(timestamp)
  end

  def change_display_name
    Jobs.enqueue(:change_display_name, user_id: id, old_name: name_before_last_save, new_name: name)
  end

  def trigger_user_created_event
    DiscourseEvent.trigger(:user_created, self)
    true
  end

  def trigger_user_destroyed_event
    DiscourseEvent.trigger(:user_destroyed, self)
    true
  end

  def set_skip_validate_email
    self.primary_email.skip_validate_email = !should_validate_email_address? if self.primary_email

    true
  end

  def check_site_contact_username
    if (saved_change_to_admin? || saved_change_to_moderator?) &&
         self.username == SiteSetting.site_contact_username && !staff?
      SiteSetting.set_and_log(:site_contact_username, SiteSetting.defaults[:site_contact_username])
    end
  end

  def self.ensure_consistency!
    DB.exec <<~SQL
      UPDATE users
      SET uploaded_avatar_id = NULL
      WHERE uploaded_avatar_id IN (
        SELECT u1.uploaded_avatar_id FROM users u1
        LEFT JOIN uploads up
          ON u1.uploaded_avatar_id = up.id
        WHERE u1.uploaded_avatar_id IS NOT NULL AND
          up.id IS NULL
      )
    SQL
  end

  def validate_status!(status)
    UserStatus.new(status).validate!
  end

  def check_qualification_for_users_directory
    if (!self.active_was && self.active) || (!self.approved_was && self.approved) ||
         (self.id_was.nil? && self.id.present?)
      @qualified_for_users_directory = true
    end
  end

  def add_to_user_directory
    DirectoryItem.add_missing_users_all_periods
    @qualified_for_users_directory = false
  end
end

# == Schema Information
#
# Table name: users
#
#  id                        :integer          not null, primary key
#  username                  :string(60)       not null
#  created_at                :datetime         not null
#  updated_at                :datetime         not null
#  name                      :string
#  seen_notification_id      :integer          default(0), not null
#  last_posted_at            :datetime
#  password_hash             :string(64)
#  salt                      :string(32)
#  active                    :boolean          default(FALSE), not null
#  username_lower            :string(60)       not null
#  last_seen_at              :datetime
#  admin                     :boolean          default(FALSE), not null
#  last_emailed_at           :datetime
#  trust_level               :integer          not null
#  approved                  :boolean          default(FALSE), not null
#  approved_by_id            :integer
#  approved_at               :datetime
#  previous_visit_at         :datetime
#  suspended_at              :datetime
#  suspended_till            :datetime
#  date_of_birth             :date
#  views                     :integer          default(0), not null
#  flag_level                :integer          default(0), not null
#  ip_address                :inet
#  moderator                 :boolean          default(FALSE)
#  title                     :string
#  uploaded_avatar_id        :integer
#  locale                    :string(10)
#  primary_group_id          :integer
#  registration_ip_address   :inet
#  staged                    :boolean          default(FALSE), not null
#  first_seen_at             :datetime
#  silenced_till             :datetime
#  group_locked_trust_level  :integer
#  manual_locked_trust_level :integer
#  secure_identifier         :string
#  flair_group_id            :integer
#  last_seen_reviewable_id   :integer
#  password_algorithm        :string(64)
#  required_fields_version   :integer
#
# Indexes
#
#  idx_users_admin                     (id) WHERE admin
#  idx_users_moderator                 (id) WHERE moderator
#  index_users_on_last_posted_at       (last_posted_at)
#  index_users_on_last_seen_at         (last_seen_at)
#  index_users_on_name_trgm            (name) USING gist
#  index_users_on_secure_identifier    (secure_identifier) UNIQUE
#  index_users_on_uploaded_avatar_id   (uploaded_avatar_id)
#  index_users_on_username             (username) UNIQUE
#  index_users_on_username_lower       (username_lower) UNIQUE
#  index_users_on_username_lower_trgm  (username_lower) USING gist
#