mirror of
https://github.com/rclone/rclone.git
synced 2024-11-25 09:23:58 +08:00
e43b5ce5e5
This is possible now that we no longer support go1.12 and brings rclone into line with standard practices in the Go world. This also removes errors.New and errors.Errorf from lib/errors and prefers the stdlib errors package over lib/errors.
515 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
515 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
# Contributing to rclone #
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This is a short guide on how to contribute things to rclone.
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## Reporting a bug ##
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If you've just got a question or aren't sure if you've found a bug
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then please use the [rclone forum](https://forum.rclone.org/) instead
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of filing an issue.
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When filing an issue, please include the following information if
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possible as well as a description of the problem. Make sure you test
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with the [latest beta of rclone](https://beta.rclone.org/):
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* Rclone version (e.g. output from `rclone version`)
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* Which OS you are using and how many bits (e.g. Windows 10, 64 bit)
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* The command you were trying to run (e.g. `rclone copy /tmp remote:tmp`)
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* A log of the command with the `-vv` flag (e.g. output from `rclone -vv copy /tmp remote:tmp`)
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* if the log contains secrets then edit the file with a text editor first to obscure them
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## Submitting a new feature or bug fix ##
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If you find a bug that you'd like to fix, or a new feature that you'd
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like to implement then please submit a pull request via GitHub.
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If it is a big feature, then [make an issue](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues) first so it can be discussed.
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To prepare your pull request first press the fork button on [rclone's GitHub
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page](https://github.com/rclone/rclone).
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Then [install Git](https://git-scm.com/downloads) and set your public contribution [name](https://docs.github.com/en/github/getting-started-with-github/setting-your-username-in-git) and [email](https://docs.github.com/en/github/setting-up-and-managing-your-github-user-account/setting-your-commit-email-address#setting-your-commit-email-address-in-git).
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Next open your terminal, change directory to your preferred folder and initialise your local rclone project:
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git clone https://github.com/rclone/rclone.git
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cd rclone
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git remote rename origin upstream
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# if you have SSH keys setup in your GitHub account:
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git remote add origin git@github.com:YOURUSER/rclone.git
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# otherwise:
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git remote add origin https://github.com/YOURUSER/rclone.git
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Note that most of the terminal commands in the rest of this guide must be executed from the rclone folder created above.
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Now [install Go](https://golang.org/doc/install) and verify your installation:
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go version
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Great, you can now compile and execute your own version of rclone:
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go build
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./rclone version
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(Note that you can also replace `go build` with `make`, which will include a
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more accurate version number in the executable as well as enable you to specify
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more build options.) Finally make a branch to add your new feature
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git checkout -b my-new-feature
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And get hacking.
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You may like one of the [popular editors/IDE's for Go](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/IDEsAndTextEditorPlugins) and a quick view on the rclone [code organisation](#code-organisation).
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When ready - test the affected functionality and run the unit tests for the code you changed
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cd folder/with/changed/files
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go test -v
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Note that you may need to make a test remote, e.g. `TestSwift` for some
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of the unit tests.
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This is typically enough if you made a simple bug fix, otherwise please read the rclone [testing](#testing) section too.
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Make sure you
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* Add [unit tests](#testing) for a new feature.
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* Add [documentation](#writing-documentation) for a new feature.
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* [Commit your changes](#committing-your-changes) using the [message guideline](#commit-messages).
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When you are done with that push your changes to Github:
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git push -u origin my-new-feature
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and open the GitHub website to [create your pull
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request](https://help.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request/).
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Your changes will then get reviewed and you might get asked to fix some stuff. If so, then make the changes in the same branch, commit and push your updates to GitHub.
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You may sometimes be asked to [base your changes on the latest master](#basing-your-changes-on-the-latest-master) or [squash your commits](#squashing-your-commits).
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## Using Git and Github ##
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### Committing your changes ###
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Follow the guideline for [commit messages](#commit-messages) and then:
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git checkout my-new-feature # To switch to your branch
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git status # To see the new and changed files
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git add FILENAME # To select FILENAME for the commit
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git status # To verify the changes to be committed
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git commit # To do the commit
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git log # To verify the commit. Use q to quit the log
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You can modify the message or changes in the latest commit using:
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git commit --amend
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If you amend to commits that have been pushed to GitHub, then you will have to [replace your previously pushed commits](#replacing-your-previously-pushed-commits).
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### Replacing your previously pushed commits ###
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Note that you are about to rewrite the GitHub history of your branch. It is good practice to involve your collaborators before modifying commits that have been pushed to GitHub.
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Your previously pushed commits are replaced by:
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git push --force origin my-new-feature
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### Basing your changes on the latest master ###
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To base your changes on the latest version of the [rclone master](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/tree/master) (upstream):
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git checkout master
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git fetch upstream
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git merge --ff-only
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git push origin --follow-tags # optional update of your fork in GitHub
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git checkout my-new-feature
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git rebase master
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If you rebase commits that have been pushed to GitHub, then you will have to [replace your previously pushed commits](#replacing-your-previously-pushed-commits).
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### Squashing your commits ###
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To combine your commits into one commit:
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git log # To count the commits to squash, e.g. the last 2
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git reset --soft HEAD~2 # To undo the 2 latest commits
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git status # To check everything is as expected
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If everything is fine, then make the new combined commit:
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git commit # To commit the undone commits as one
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otherwise, you may roll back using:
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git reflog # To check that HEAD{1} is your previous state
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git reset --soft 'HEAD@{1}' # To roll back to your previous state
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If you squash commits that have been pushed to GitHub, then you will have to [replace your previously pushed commits](#replacing-your-previously-pushed-commits).
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Tip: You may like to use `git rebase -i master` if you are experienced or have a more complex situation.
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### GitHub Continuous Integration ###
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rclone currently uses [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/actions) to build and test the project, which should be automatically available for your fork too from the `Actions` tab in your repository.
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## Testing ##
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### Quick testing ###
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rclone's tests are run from the go testing framework, so at the top
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level you can run this to run all the tests.
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go test -v ./...
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You can also use `make`, if supported by your platform
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make quicktest
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The quicktest is [automatically run by GitHub](#github-continuous-integration) when you push your branch to GitHub.
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### Backend testing ###
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rclone contains a mixture of unit tests and integration tests.
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Because it is difficult (and in some respects pointless) to test cloud
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storage systems by mocking all their interfaces, rclone unit tests can
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run against any of the backends. This is done by making specially
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named remotes in the default config file.
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If you wanted to test changes in the `drive` backend, then you would
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need to make a remote called `TestDrive`.
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You can then run the unit tests in the drive directory. These tests
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are skipped if `TestDrive:` isn't defined.
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cd backend/drive
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go test -v
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You can then run the integration tests which test all of rclone's
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operations. Normally these get run against the local file system,
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but they can be run against any of the remotes.
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cd fs/sync
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go test -v -remote TestDrive:
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go test -v -remote TestDrive: -fast-list
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cd fs/operations
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go test -v -remote TestDrive:
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If you want to use the integration test framework to run these tests
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altogether with an HTML report and test retries then from the
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project root:
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go install github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/test_all
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test_all -backend drive
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### Full integration testing ###
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If you want to run all the integration tests against all the remotes,
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then change into the project root and run
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make check
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make test
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The commands may require some extra go packages which you can install with
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make build_dep
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The full integration tests are run daily on the integration test server. You can
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find the results at https://pub.rclone.org/integration-tests/
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## Code Organisation ##
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Rclone code is organised into a small number of top level directories
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with modules beneath.
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* backend - the rclone backends for interfacing to cloud providers -
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* all - import this to load all the cloud providers
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* ...providers
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* bin - scripts for use while building or maintaining rclone
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* cmd - the rclone commands
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* all - import this to load all the commands
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* ...commands
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* cmdtest - end-to-end tests of commands, flags, environment variables,...
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* docs - the documentation and website
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* content - adjust these docs only - everything else is autogenerated
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* command - these are auto-generated - edit the corresponding .go file
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* fs - main rclone definitions - minimal amount of code
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* accounting - bandwidth limiting and statistics
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* asyncreader - an io.Reader which reads ahead
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* config - manage the config file and flags
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* driveletter - detect if a name is a drive letter
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* filter - implements include/exclude filtering
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* fserrors - rclone specific error handling
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* fshttp - http handling for rclone
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* fspath - path handling for rclone
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* hash - defines rclone's hash types and functions
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* list - list a remote
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* log - logging facilities
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* march - iterates directories in lock step
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* object - in memory Fs objects
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* operations - primitives for sync, e.g. Copy, Move
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* sync - sync directories
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* walk - walk a directory
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* fstest - provides integration test framework
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* fstests - integration tests for the backends
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* mockdir - mocks an fs.Directory
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* mockobject - mocks an fs.Object
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* test_all - Runs integration tests for everything
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* graphics - the images used in the website, etc.
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* lib - libraries used by the backend
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* atexit - register functions to run when rclone exits
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* dircache - directory ID to name caching
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* oauthutil - helpers for using oauth
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* pacer - retries with backoff and paces operations
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* readers - a selection of useful io.Readers
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* rest - a thin abstraction over net/http for REST
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* vfs - Virtual FileSystem layer for implementing rclone mount and similar
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## Writing Documentation ##
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If you are adding a new feature then please update the documentation.
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If you add a new general flag (not for a backend), then document it in
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`docs/content/docs.md` - the flags there are supposed to be in
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alphabetical order.
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If you add a new backend option/flag, then it should be documented in
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the source file in the `Help:` field.
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* Start with the most important information about the option,
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as a single sentence on a single line.
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* This text will be used for the command-line flag help.
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* It will be combined with other information, such as any default value,
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and the result will look odd if not written as a single sentence.
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* It should end with a period/full stop character, which will be shown
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in docs but automatically removed when producing the flag help.
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* Try to keep it below 80 characters, to reduce text wrapping in the terminal.
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* More details can be added in a new paragraph, after an empty line (`"\n\n"`).
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* Like with docs generated from Markdown, a single line break is ignored
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and two line breaks creates a new paragraph.
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* This text will be shown to the user in `rclone config`
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and in the docs (where it will be added by `make backenddocs`,
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normally run some time before next release).
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* To create options of enumeration type use the `Examples:` field.
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* Each example value have their own `Help:` field, but they are treated
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a bit different than the main option help text. They will be shown
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as an unordered list, therefore a single line break is enough to
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create a new list item. Also, for enumeration texts like name of
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countries, it looks better without an ending period/full stop character.
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The only documentation you need to edit are the `docs/content/*.md`
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files. The `MANUAL.*`, `rclone.1`, website, etc. are all auto-generated
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from those during the release process. See the `make doc` and `make
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website` targets in the Makefile if you are interested in how. You
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don't need to run these when adding a feature.
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Documentation for rclone sub commands is with their code, e.g.
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`cmd/ls/ls.go`. Write flag help strings as a single sentence on a single
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line, without a period/full stop character at the end, as it will be
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combined unmodified with other information (such as any default value).
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Note that you can use [GitHub's online editor](https://help.github.com/en/github/managing-files-in-a-repository/editing-files-in-another-users-repository)
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for small changes in the docs which makes it very easy.
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## Making a release ##
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There are separate instructions for making a release in the RELEASE.md
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file.
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## Commit messages ##
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Please make the first line of your commit message a summary of the
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change that a user (not a developer) of rclone would like to read, and
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prefix it with the directory of the change followed by a colon. The
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changelog gets made by looking at just these first lines so make it
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good!
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If you have more to say about the commit, then enter a blank line and
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carry on the description. Remember to say why the change was needed -
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the commit itself shows what was changed.
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Writing more is better than less. Comparing the behaviour before the
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change to that after the change is very useful. Imagine you are
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writing to yourself in 12 months time when you've forgotten everything
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about what you just did and you need to get up to speed quickly.
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If the change fixes an issue then write `Fixes #1234` in the commit
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message. This can be on the subject line if it will fit. If you
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don't want to close the associated issue just put `#1234` and the
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change will get linked into the issue.
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Here is an example of a short commit message:
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```
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drive: add team drive support - fixes #885
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```
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And here is an example of a longer one:
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```
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mount: fix hang on errored upload
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In certain circumstances, if an upload failed then the mount could hang
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indefinitely. This was fixed by closing the read pipe after the Put
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completed. This will cause the write side to return a pipe closed
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error fixing the hang.
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Fixes #1498
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```
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## Adding a dependency ##
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rclone uses the [go
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modules](https://tip.golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-Modules__module_versions__and_more)
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support in go1.11 and later to manage its dependencies.
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rclone can be built with modules outside of the `GOPATH`.
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To add a dependency `github.com/ncw/new_dependency` see the
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instructions below. These will fetch the dependency and add it to
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`go.mod` and `go.sum`.
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GO111MODULE=on go get github.com/ncw/new_dependency
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You can add constraints on that package when doing `go get` (see the
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go docs linked above), but don't unless you really need to.
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Please check in the changes generated by `go mod` including `go.mod`
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and `go.sum` in the same commit as your other changes.
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## Updating a dependency ##
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If you need to update a dependency then run
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GO111MODULE=on go get -u golang.org/x/crypto
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Check in a single commit as above.
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## Updating all the dependencies ##
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In order to update all the dependencies then run `make update`. This
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just uses the go modules to update all the modules to their latest
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stable release. Check in the changes in a single commit as above.
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This should be done early in the release cycle to pick up new versions
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of packages in time for them to get some testing.
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## Updating a backend ##
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If you update a backend then please run the unit tests and the
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integration tests for that backend.
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Assuming the backend is called `remote`, make create a config entry
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called `TestRemote` for the tests to use.
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Now `cd remote` and run `go test -v` to run the unit tests.
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Then `cd fs` and run `go test -v -remote TestRemote:` to run the
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integration tests.
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The next section goes into more detail about the tests.
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## Writing a new backend ##
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Choose a name. The docs here will use `remote` as an example.
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Note that in rclone terminology a file system backend is called a
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remote or an fs.
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Research
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* Look at the interfaces defined in `fs/fs.go`
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* Study one or more of the existing remotes
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Getting going
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* Create `backend/remote/remote.go` (copy this from a similar remote)
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* box is a good one to start from if you have a directory-based remote
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* b2 is a good one to start from if you have a bucket-based remote
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* Add your remote to the imports in `backend/all/all.go`
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* HTTP based remotes are easiest to maintain if they use rclone's rest module, but if there is a really good go SDK then use that instead.
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* Try to implement as many optional methods as possible as it makes the remote more usable.
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* Use lib/encoder to make sure we can encode any path name and `rclone info` to help determine the encodings needed
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* `rclone purge -v TestRemote:rclone-info`
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* `rclone test info --all --remote-encoding None -vv --write-json remote.json TestRemote:rclone-info`
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* `go run cmd/test/info/internal/build_csv/main.go -o remote.csv remote.json`
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* open `remote.csv` in a spreadsheet and examine
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Unit tests
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* Create a config entry called `TestRemote` for the unit tests to use
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* Create a `backend/remote/remote_test.go` - copy and adjust your example remote
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* Make sure all tests pass with `go test -v`
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Integration tests
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* Add your backend to `fstest/test_all/config.yaml`
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* Once you've done that then you can use the integration test framework from the project root:
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* go install ./...
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* test_all -backends remote
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Or if you want to run the integration tests manually:
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* Make sure integration tests pass with
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* `cd fs/operations`
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* `go test -v -remote TestRemote:`
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* `cd fs/sync`
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* `go test -v -remote TestRemote:`
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* If your remote defines `ListR` check with this also
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* `go test -v -remote TestRemote: -fast-list`
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See the [testing](#testing) section for more information on integration tests.
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Add your fs to the docs - you'll need to pick an icon for it from
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[fontawesome](http://fontawesome.io/icons/). Keep lists of remotes in
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alphabetical order of full name of remote (e.g. `drive` is ordered as
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`Google Drive`) but with the local file system last.
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* `README.md` - main GitHub page
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* `docs/content/remote.md` - main docs page (note the backend options are automatically added to this file with `make backenddocs`)
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* make sure this has the `autogenerated options` comments in (see your reference backend docs)
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* update them with `make backenddocs` - revert any changes in other backends
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* `docs/content/overview.md` - overview docs
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* `docs/content/docs.md` - list of remotes in config section
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* `docs/content/_index.md` - front page of rclone.org
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* `docs/layouts/chrome/navbar.html` - add it to the website navigation
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* `bin/make_manual.py` - add the page to the `docs` constant
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Once you've written the docs, run `make serve` and check they look OK
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in the web browser and the links (internal and external) all work.
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## Writing a plugin ##
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New features (backends, commands) can also be added "out-of-tree", through Go plugins.
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Changes will be kept in a dynamically loaded file instead of being compiled into the main binary.
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This is useful if you can't merge your changes upstream or don't want to maintain a fork of rclone.
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Usage
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- Naming
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- Plugins names must have the pattern `librcloneplugin_KIND_NAME.so`.
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- `KIND` should be one of `backend`, `command` or `bundle`.
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- Example: A plugin with backend support for PiFS would be called
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`librcloneplugin_backend_pifs.so`.
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- Loading
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- Supported on macOS & Linux as of now. ([Go issue for Windows support](https://github.com/golang/go/issues/19282))
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- Supported on rclone v1.50 or greater.
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- All plugins in the folder specified by variable `$RCLONE_PLUGIN_PATH` are loaded.
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- If this variable doesn't exist, plugin support is disabled.
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- Plugins must be compiled against the exact version of rclone to work.
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(The rclone used during building the plugin must be the same as the source of rclone)
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Building
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To turn your existing additions into a Go plugin, move them to an external repository
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and change the top-level package name to `main`.
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Check `rclone --version` and make sure that the plugin's rclone dependency and host Go version match.
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Then, run `go build -buildmode=plugin -o PLUGIN_NAME.so .` to build the plugin.
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[Go reference](https://godoc.org/github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/plugin)
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[Minimal example](https://gist.github.com/terorie/21b517ee347828e899e1913efc1d684f)
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